n
Atthis thispoint p oint 2. at Uri ng this this stage stage 3. during 4. finally Fina l ly
LISTENING
Audio Track 1-4-4
FIRST LISTENING
p Listen to the lecture on how roller coasters work. As you listen, put the following parts of the lecture in the order that you hear them. Number them 1 to 5.
BEFORE LISTENING
Audio Track 1-4-3
NOTETAKING PREPARATION
c Listen to information from the lecture and write the process discourse cues you hear.
SCRIPT
butthen the 1. but
3. Why do you think people will pay money to take a rollercoaster ride or do something else that scares them? Give at least two reasons.
BEFORE LISTENING
SCRIPT
3 Start of roller-coaster ride
5 Summary of the roller-coaster process 1 The speaker’s attitude toward roller coasters 4 The role of gravity in pushing roller-coaster cars around the track
BEFORE LISTENING
NOTETAKING PREPARATION
b Work with a partner and discuss your choice and why you made it.
Discourse Cues for Process When a speaker is describing a process, listen for words and phrases such as the following that signal the steps in the process. first second third then next finally the first thing that happens is during this stage at this point
LISTENING
AFTER LISTENING
TOPIC PREVIEW
n Answer the following questions with a partner or your classmates.
1. Have you ever been to an amusement park? If you went to an amusement park today, what kind of ride would you go on? What ride do you think would be the most fun? 2. What kinds of activities do you think little children, young adults, and old people enjoy doing for a day of fun? 3. Why do you think people will pay money to take a roller-coaster ride or do something else that scares them? Give at least two reasons.
8. Then they go down a very steep slope slope.
9. The cars travel in a loop that puts us upside down.
BEFORE LISTENING
VOCABULARY PREVIEW
b Match the words to their definitions.
NOTETAKING PREPARATION Steps in a Process When a speaker describes a process, use numbers in your notes to identify the different steps in the process. Write the name of the process above the numbered steps. Indent the numbered steps. How ~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ 1. ~~~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~ 2. ~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ 3. ~~~~ ~~~ 4. ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~
BEFORE LISTENING
Audio Track 1-4-2
NOTETAKING PREPARATION
a Listen to a brief summary of information from the lecture. Circle the letter of the notes below that best record what you hear.
3. slope
4. gravity 5. consist of 6. set 7. physics
c. to stop being on or attached to something else
d. to increase in amount e. to be made up of something f. a circle made when something curves around and crosses itself
BEFORE LISTENING
Audio Track -4-1-b
VOCABULARY PREVIEW
a Listen to the following sentences that contain information from the lecture. As you listen, write the word from the box that completes the sentence.
1. Have you ever been to an amusement park? If you went to an amusement park today, what kind of ride would you go on? What ride do you think would be the most fun? 2. What kinds of activities do you think little children, young adults, and old people enjoy doing for a day of fun?
ff c
1. loop 2. come off
a. the force that causes objects to fall to the ground b. the side of a hill, or a surface that is higher at one end
b b
a a e e gg Ii
SCRIPT
KEY
a
b.
How roller coasters work 1. Chain pulls cars ↑ hill 2. Chain off - g. push ↓ hill v. fast 3. Bottom - e. to go ↑ next hill
How roller coasters work 1. Cars go ↑ hill 2. Grav push cars 3. Cars go downhill v. fast 4. Now have eng - go up next hill
BEFORE LISTENING
VOCABULARY PREVIEW Words and Phrases
roller coaster 过山车 a series of 一连串，接连 curve n. 弧线 take over 取而代之
downhill ad. 向坡下，向下
BEFORE LISTENING
d d
h h
8. gain
9. path
g. a group of things that are similar and are used together
h. the direction or route that something follows i. the study of energy and matter
LESSON
4
Roller Coasters
The Ups and Downs of How They Work
TOPIC PREVIEW BEFORE LISTENING EXPANSION
Riding a roller coaster at an amusement park in Essen, Germany
SCRIPT
consists of path
coming of physics
gain sets
gravity slope
loop
6. At the top of the first hill, the chain comes off the cars and gravity gravity takes over. 7. The cars gain speed as they roll downhill.