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Background
• Edward the Confessor (1042—1066)
– died in 1066 without an heir
– three claimants to the throne • Harold（哈罗德） —the king’s wife’s brother, selected by Witan
– made himself head of the bishops – replaced the Witan（贤会议） with the Grand Council of his new
tenants-in-chief（封建领主）
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3. French culture flowered on the English soil.
– put the administration of justice under the control of the king
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2. A much stronger control over the country by the Rome-backed Catholic Church replaced English bishops（主教） with Normans
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Begins....
In October 1066, a daylong battle near Hastings, England, changed the
course of history.
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• 路线
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The influence of the Norman Conquest
1.A firmly established feudal system
– compelled（强迫） all the sub-vassals（子臣） to take oaths of loyalty to him directly as well as to their immediate overlords
Norman Connquest
诺曼征服
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诺曼征服（Norman conquest）
• 以诺曼底公爵威廉为首的法国封建主对英 国的征服
• 1066年9月末，威廉率兵侵入英国，10月, 双方会战于黑斯廷斯，英国战败
• 12月25日，威廉加冕为英国国王，即征服 者威廉一世，诺曼王朝开始对英国的统治
• The place where they lived took on the name Normandy(诺曼底). They themselves came to be called the Normans（诺曼人）, meaning Northman.
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The Norman Invasion(侵略)
William of Normandy crosses the English Channel William defeats Harold and Anglo-Saxon army French replaces English as the language of the ruling class
– French became the official language – Coexisting（同时共存） of three languages: French, Latin and
Old English, which later developed into “Middle English” – The king’s court at London（伦敦国王法庭） was a chief
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map of Normandy
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William I
• 1.1028– 9 September 1087 • 2.He was known as William the
Bastard(私生子)because of the illegitimacy（不合法性） of his birth, before his conquest of England • 3.He was the first Norman King of England from 1066 until 1087.
• William — Duke of Normandy, Edward’s cousin
• Harald （哈拉尔德）— King of Norway
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1.Edward the Confessor promised William the king of
England after his death.
1051
3.Harold became the king
of England.
1066
1064
2.Harold promised to support him to be the king.
4.He at once prepared for an invasion.
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Origin the Normans
• They were descended from Norse Viking(北欧海
盗).
• The French king gave the Norse leader a large tract of land in the northern part of France on condition that the Norsemen promised to aid him in war and to accept the Christian religion（基 督教）.