英语二模拟测评二试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. The choice of a(n) 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of econom ic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should4 enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a 5 of work rather than for a single job.Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 6 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 7 about the occupational world or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 8 . Some drift from job to job. Others 9 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One 10 mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or 11 prestige. Too many high school students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 12 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 13 . The prestige that people tend to 14 to a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 15 , these occupations are not always well paid.Before making a decision, a person should have a 16 idea of what he wants 17 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual 18 . Some want security; others are willing to take 19 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its 201. [A] identification [B] entertainment [C] accommodation [D] occupation2. [A] however [B] therefore [C]though [D]thereby3. [A]entirely [B]mainly [C] partly [D]certainly4. [A]since [B] therefore [C]furthermore [D]forever5. [A]place [B]chance [C] field [D]opening6. [A]to [B]for [C]without [D]with7. [A]little [B]few [C]much [D] a lot8. [A]chance [B]basis [C]purpose [D]opportunity9. [A]apply [B]appeal [C]stick [D]turn10.[A]common [B]prevailing [C]epidemic [D]popular11.[A]imagined [B]substantial [C]acquired [D]demanded12.[A]concerning [B]following [C]considering [D]disregarding13.[A]preferences [B]requirements [C]tendencies [D]ambitions14.[A] contribute [B]attach [C]attribute [D]allot15.[A]Since [B]But [C]Nevertheless [D]Moreover16.[A]comprehensive [B]apprehensive [C]general [D]perfect17.[A]towards [B]against [C]out of [D]without18[A]knowledge [B]satisfaction [C]culture [D]sensitivity19.[A]turns [B]parts [C]choices [D]risks20.[A] awards [B]requirements [C]results [D]needsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is reported that the Supreme Court will hear arguments about the use of public money for the private schooling of children with special needs. It’s interesting to note what’s not at issue: namely, that when a public school system is unable to provide an appropriate education, it is obliged to pay the costs of private school. Too bad poor c hildren don’t have that unshakable right; if they did, there would be no controversy about the District Program that gives vouchers to low-income children to attend private school.The case to be heard by the court hinges on whether parents have to enroll a child with special needs in public school before the child can attend private school at public expense. Special education advocates say students shouldn’t have to waste time before being placed in a setting that best suits their needs, while school boards worry about a ruling that could amount to an unfettered fight to private schooling at public expense. What strikes us about the emotionally charged debate is the acceptance by both sides that sometimes it is appropriate to use public money to pay for a child to go to a private school. So, why all the arguments about the approximately $14 million for a federally funded program that lets 1.700D.C. Students attend private schools instead of failing public schools?To hear critics of the D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program tell it, the use of public money for private schooling is as unprecedented as it is undesirable. In addition to the billions of dollars spent annually on private school tuition for students with disabilities, private schools get public money for books, technology and teacher training. As long as the money is seen as benefiting the child, it is considered a proper, even desirable, use of public dollars.Don’t get us wrong. We’re not arguing for the unilateral right of parents to enr oll their sons and daughters in any school they wish with the taxpayers picking up the bill. Abuse of special-education policies has contributed to increased costs that threaten to take needed money from general public education funds. Safeguards are needed. Public schools should be pressed to do a better job for students with disabilities and students without. But there are schools in Washington where statistics show thatfailure is almost guaranteed. If a school system can’t educate a child ---whether because of acute special needs or its own historical failings-why should that child not have options for a“free appropriate public education?”21. We can infer from the arguments at the Supreme Court that____.[A]arguing about spending public money for private schooling is ridiculous[B] public schools are of very poor education quality[C] people consider it is reasonable to use public money for certain students’private schooling.[D] too much public money is put into the private schools or children with special needs.22. The special-education advocates believe that____.[A] parents can make decisions for their children[B] children should be put directly into the private schools[C] there is no need to argue about this problem any more[D] children should try out both places before making decisions23. What does the word “ unfettered”(Para.2) mean?[A] unlimited [B]extreme [C] unwanted [D] ultimate24. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]while putting public money in private schools, public schools can also benefit.[B] Public schools only consider the need of students without disabilities[C] It is children’s right to choose private s chools when public ones are not good enough.[D] There is evidence to show that public schools in Washington D.C. Are terrible.25. What is the author’s attitude toward using public money to pay for the private schooling of the disabled students?[A]Neutral [B] Supportive [C] Hesitant [D] DetachedText 2Police in the popular resort city Virginia Beach recently began operating video’s surveillance cameras with controversial face recognition technology. Virginia B each and Tampa in Florida are two cities in the United States to acquire the technology, which costs $197,000.”Before we switched it on, we went through an extensive education process with hearings and the involvement of citizen groups and minority groups, who h elped write the policies we are using” said deputy police chief Greg Mullen. A citizens’ auditing committee has the right to perform unannounced spot checks on police headquarters to make sure the technology is not being misused.Three of the city’s 13 cameras are linked full-time to the face recognition system, though the others can be activated as needed. The database of wanted people is updated every day. So far, the system has failed to produce a single arrest, though it has generated a few false alarms. It works by analyzing faces based on a series of measurements, such as the distance from the tip of the nose to the chin or the spacebetween the eyes. Critics say it is highly inaccurate and can be easily fooled. Mullen, who sees the system eventually being linked to the databases of other city, state and federal law enforcement agencies to track criminals and suspected terrorists, said:”The system doesn’t look at skin color or your hair or your gender. It takes human prejudices out of the equation.”“This technology has little or no effort on the crime rate but it does have an effect on people’s behavior. People feel cowed” said Bruce Steinhardt, who directs the technology. Despite the fact that tests have shown face recognition only works in around 30 percent of cases, the ACLU is alarmed that the technology may soon spread to airports. The organization also fears it could potentially be used to monitor individuals’ political activities to harass law-abiding citizens.“This kind of surveillance should be subject to the same procedures as wiretaps. Law enforcement agencies should justify why they need it and it should be tightly limited, otherwise it will soon become a tool of social control”, said Mihir Kshirsagar of the Electronic Information Privacy Center. Nor does such criticism come exclusively from the political left. Lawyer John Whitehead, founder of the conservative Rutherford Institute, wrote in an editorial that the technology threatened the right of each U.S. citizen to participate in society. “After all, that is exactly what constant surveillance is- the ultimate implied threat of coercion,” he wrote.26. Mullen’s statement in Paragraph 1 indicates that______.[A] Police is confident in using the technology[B] Police has made preparation for the use of the technology[C] Citizens have rights over managing the technology[D] Police has gone through public education process27. The system fails to arrest a wanted person in that______[A] The measurements are not accurate in recognizing people.[B] The system does not look at skin color or one’s gender.[C]The system just analyses faces through measuring and doesn’t considerpeople’s specific features.[D] The system is highly inaccurate and can be easily fooled.28. What is the ACLU’s attitude toward the system?[A]Worried [B] Skeptical [C] Confident [D] Indifferent29. In John Whitehead’s opinion, face recognition technology ____.[A]may interfere with people’s privacy[B]may e nhance the country’s constant surveillance[C]can be used in the same way wiretaps are used[D]can be used after its threat has been removed30. What is the passage mainly about?[A]Disadvantages of face recognition technology[B] Purposes of face recognition technology[C]Controversial face recognition technology[D]Effect of face recognition technologyText 3What’s a label worth? A lot, it seems.Michael Hiscx and Nicholas Smyth, two Harward University researchers, conducted an experiment on two sets of towels in an upmarket New York shop. One lot carried a label with the logo”Fair and Square” and the following message: These towels have been make under fair labor conditions, in a safe and healthy working environment which is free of discrimination, and where management has committed to respecting the rights and dignity of workers.The other set had no such label. Over five months, the researchers observed the impact of making various changes such as switching the label to the other set of towels and raising prioes. The results were striking: not only did sales of towels increase when they carried the Fair and Square label, they carried on increasing each time the price was raised.No wonder companies are keen to appeal to ethically(i.e. morally) minded consumers, whether on labor standards or green credentials. Timberland, a New Hampshire outdoor-gear company, is introducing detailed “Green Index” labels on its shoes. Tesco, M&S and Wal-Mart have all launched initiatives that bet on the rise of the ethical consumer.M&S estimates that about three-quarters of British consumers are interested in the green theme in some way. But even the keenest ethical consumer faces complicated situations, and sometimes the apparently obvious ethical choice turns out to be the wrong one. Surely it must be greener for Britons to buy roses from the Netherlands than ones air- freighted from Kenya? In fact, a study showed that related green house gas to the Dutch roses to be six times as large because they had to be grown in heated greenhouses.Joel Makower, editor of GreenBiz. Com, says that, given a choice, most consumers will choose the greener product--provided it does not cost any more, comes from a trusted maker, requires no special effort to buy or use and is at least as good as the alternative. “That’s almost an impossible barrier for any product,” he notes.So shoppers will still flock to shops selling cheap products of decent quality, ignoring how these are made. They will often buy more if a product is attractively presented, never mind that the packaging may be wasteful. And when companies try to do the right thing, consumers will not always go along with them.The lesson for companies is that selling green is hard work. And it is no good getting too far ahead of the customer. Half a step ahead is about right. Much more, and you won’t sell. Any less, and you won’t lead.31.The experiment on the towels indicated that ____.[A] consumers liked to purchase labeled products[B] consumers would buy goods when prices rose[C] consumption was influenced by green labels[D] ethical concern may influence consumption32.According to the text, consumers’ ethical choice____.[A] determines the production of commodities[B] forces companies to sell green products only[C] leads to higher labor and green standards[D] leads companies to modify business activities33. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that____.[A] green buying may be at higher environment cost[B]green production is actually complicated business[C]Dutch rose growth is greener than Kenya ones[D]British consumers actually oppose green farming34. According to Joel Makower, most consumers ______.[A] buy green products when given a choice[B] reject greener products for various reasons[C] pay more attention to the price of a product[D] refuse to follow the activities of companiespanies may learn the lesson that____.[A] it is not worthwhile leading the consumers[B] the customers are not easily to be mislead[C] green policy is nor effective for marketing[D] companies need a balanced green policyText 4An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services; for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependence of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries’ economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general a union, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which arebeing pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their member s’ disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printer to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of “shop stewards” in many unions,” shop stewards” being workers elected by other workers as their representatives as factory or works level.36. Britain especially depends upon certain essential services partly because _____.[A] its industry is highly centralized and concentrated[B] its transport system often fails[C] its economic system is at high risk[D] its electricity supply is inadequate37. The author mentions Britain’s economic interdependency in the first paragraph in order to _____.[A] depict the UK’s state of danger[B] reveal the UK’s dependency on certain essential services[C] explain the various areas of dependency in Britain[D] introduce the topic under discussion38. The different proportions of workers in Britain and America are mentioned in paragraph so as to______.[A] show the highly organized workforce in Britain[B] reveal that Britain and America have different developing lines[C]indicate that 55% of Britain workers belong to unions[D]manifest that British unions are much stronger than those in U.S.39. According to the text, some traditional trades are vanishing because of _____.[A]the emergence of new trends[B]technological advances[C] the considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement[D]the prevalence of skilled trades40. The most appropriate title for this text could be______.[A] The British Trade Unions’ Power and Problems[B] The Power of the Trade Unions in UK[C] British Heavy Dependency on Certain Services[D] The British Trade Unions’ Problems and Their SolutionsPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.( 10 points)[A]Geniuses were born with assuming responsibilities[B] Accepting responsibilities and ready to embrace failure[C] Take action to achieve your responsibilities[D]Stress is the main reason for most people not becoming leaders[E] Taking and assuming responsibilities can help defeat fear[F] Leadership is closely related to responsibilities[G]Dedicating is the key to be a geniusWhen entering a room, are you looking around or are you plainly confident and going straight somewhere? Well, if you answered that you’d be looking around; you don’t have leadership skills yet.41.______________________.Leaders enter every place having in mind that they are the leaders and that people will be looking at them for cues on how to behave in their presence. They have an aura of confidence and they let no one walk on their foot. But not all persons were born leaders; some skills acquired in your life can help you improve your leadership. Increasing your leadership skills is a question of taking responsibility and especially assuming them.42.______________________.First, you must accept to take responsibility you would not take in the past and you must accept that you might do them not correctly. It is fine for everyone to learn and to make errors. Imagine if you were to start learning out to write and you wouldn’t be allowed to practice.If after a few times you were not able to write correctly, you would have to quit, who would you been now? Well, you wouldn’t be able to read this and you wouldn’t be able to comment or to write anything. You would not be able to get a job that requires you to report to someone else. You would not be able to communicate over the Internet with others using e-mails. You see, it’s okay to fail even it’s the first time or 2000th time.43. __________________________.Second, like it was stated before, you must take responsibilities and then assured them. Assuming means you must take action and to take action is to take decisions. Not only will it take decision, but you will follow them. When you follow what you’ve decided you go forward. This way you will be learning much faster from your errors, and you will become one of the best.43. ____________________________.You see people call others geniuses. What is a genius? Someone was born with the talents or someone that is so good that everyone thinks he’s a genius? You see, most people accept that geniuses are people that are good at what they are doing. I don’t think that someone was born with the talent of a genius that he could play the piano.They must have learned, failed, worked hard to become what is called a genius. It’s not that hard to become a genius. All you have to do is dedicate some time to one of your passions and get into it as far as you can.45. __________________________.Everyone wants to become a leader but most don’t become leaders because it involves too much work and especially too much stress. All that stress is caused by fear. Fear of the unknown. When you know what to do and you accepted to take responsibilities and assume them, becoming a leader is much more interesting than being one of the crowd. Go work on your leadership skills. Accept your responsibilities and take actions.. Section III Translation46. Directions: In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Winter holidays can be a dangerous time for people who have heart disease. In fact, according to an article citing a study by Ted Ning, Christmas has the highest rate of death caused by heart attack, followed by December 26 and New Year’s Eve. Why? “During the holidays, a lot of Americans eat too much and drink more alcohol while ditching their exercise routine.” said Ning.A heart attack can start slowly with a clot blocking blood flow to the heart, but as the minutes tick by, the heart muscle is suffering permanent damage. Women are more likely than men to experience vague symptoms such as shortness of breath of breath or back pain. Youth, relatively speaking, is no reason to disregard these symptoms, especially if yo u’re female. Heart attacks are up 32 percent in the last decade among women under the age of 50, which is troubling in the light of a 2007 study that found more than half of women under the age of 55 who suffer a heart attack ignore their symptoms for more than an hour.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: A chemical plant should be responsible for the air pollution in your city. Write a letter to the City Environmental Protection Agency to1) give your opinions briefly;2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming instead”Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing you should1) describe the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)。