初中英语“近义词”汇总1.happen , take place二者都有“发生”的意思。
happen指事情的发生,往往带有'偶然'的意思。
It happens that I am free today. 恰好今天我没有事。
take place指事先安排或策划好而后发生,没有'偶然'的意思。
2. must, have tomust表示说话人的主观看法;而have to则表示客观需要。
mustn't意为“不可以;不允许”;don't have to意为“不必”。
如:(1)My father had to work when he was ten years old。
(2)The play is not interesting. I really must go now。
3. arrive , reach , get to三者都有“到达”之意。
reach为及物动词。
They reached Tianjin yesterday.昨天他们到达天津。
arrive为不及物动词,后面接介词in或at。
get to常用于口语,可代替前二者。
4.because , because of二者均表示“因为”because是连词,引导状语从句。
We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨,我们呆在家。
because of是短语介词,后面接名词性词语。
We stayed at home because of the rain .因为下雨,我们呆在家。
5. in front of, in the front ofin front of…意思是'在……前面',指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。
如:He walked in fount of me。
他走在我的前面。
There are some flowers in fount of the house。
房子前面有些花卉。
in the front of 意思是'在某一空间内的前部',即甲物在乙物的范围之内;其反义词是at the back of…(在……范围内的后部)。
如:There is a big desk and a blackboard in the fount of our classroom。
我们的教室前边有一张大桌子和一块黑板。
Our teacher stands in the fount of the classroom。
我们的老师站在教室前6. look , see , watch三者都有“看”的意思。
look是看的过程。
I looked , but saw nothing . 我看了,但什么也没看见。
see是看的结果。
see a film看电影see a play看戏(话剧)watch是看移动的事物或定晴地看。
watch a football match看足球比赛。
watch TV看电视7. sometime; sometimes; some time; some timessometime是副词,可与过去时或将来时连用,表示'(在过去)某个时候'或'(在将来)某个时候'。
如: I saw him sometime in May。
some time多数情况下作名词短语,意为'一些时间;一些时候';它还可以作副词词组,用来表示一个未肯定的时刻,此时它可与sometime互换。
如: I'll be away for some time。
sometimes是一个表示时间频率的副词,意为'有时候'。
如:Sometimes I help my mother with the housework。
some times是'几次、几倍'之意。
如:They have been there several times。
8. how long, how often, how far, how soonhow long意为'多久、多长时间',主要是对一段时间进行提问,答语通常是(for)three days/weeks/months等时间段,它可用于各种时态。
How long do you stay in Beijing every year?每年你在北京住多久?how often意为'多久……次、是否经常',用来提问在某一特定的时间进行某个动作的次数,答语通常是always,usually,often,sometimes,once/twice a day/month 等。
How often do you get to school very early?你多久早到校一次?how far意为'多远',对距离提问时用。
How far is that? 那有多远?how soon意为'还要多久',是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问,常用在一般将来时态的句子中,其答语通常是'in + 一段时间'。
-How soon can you finish the work? 还要多久你能完成这项工作?-In half an hour. 半小时后。
9. agree with,agree to,agree on两者都有“同意”、“赞成”的意思。
agree with 后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词作宾语。
agree with 还有“适合”、“符合”的含义。
如:The climate here doesn't agree with him。
他不适合这里的气候。
agree to 后面一般接表示提议、办法、计划之类的名词作宾语。
agree on就…达成一致的意见。
10. across , cross, crossing, through, past1)cross 意为“横过,穿过”为动词,相当于walk(go,run)acrossLook both ways before you cross the road。
(2)across意为“横过,穿过”为介词,不作动词,不能作谓语,常放在动词之后,如:go acrossHe walked across the field。
(3)through 是介词,含有“从…中间穿越”之意,表示四周含有物体的穿越。
The ball went through the window。
(4)past既可作形容词也可作副词,做副词时有:“穿过,越过”之意。
Will you be going past my house on your way home?(5)crossing意为“渡口,人行横道,(铁路与公路的)交叉点。
All the cars should stop before the zebra crossing。
11.on,in,with(1)on:表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒,乘坐交通工具等;I don't want to talk about it on the phone。
(2)in:使用语言文字等媒介;Can you speak it in English?(3)with:借助具体的手段或工具。
Don't write it with a red pen。
12.at,on,inat, on, in三者都可以表示'在……的时候'。
(1)at:表示在哪个时刻用;表示时间点。
I get up at six o'clock in the morning . 我早晨六点起床。
(2)On:表示在哪一天,哪一天的早上(下午、晚上);on Wednesday , on Sunday morning , on May I , on a cold morning in 1936 (3)in:表示在哪一年(季、月),在上午,下午等。
in September , in the morning , in the afternoon13.few, a few; little , a little虽然都表示“少”,但·few, a few是可数的, little, a little是不可数的。
·a few, a little含肯定意味,few, little含否定意味。
(1) They have a little ink, don't they?他们有一点墨水,是吗?(2)They have little ink, do they?他们几乎没有墨水,是吗?(3)She has a few Chinese friends, doesn't she?他有几位中国朋友,是吗?(4)She has few Chinese friends, does she?他几乎没有几位中国朋友,是吗?(5)She has a little dog。
她有一只小狗。
14.not … until, untilnot … until 直到…才… (主句动词是短暂性动词)(1)He didn't go to bed until his mother came back。
until 一直到… (主句中使用延续性动词)(2)I study hard until it is midnight every day。
15. spend, pay, cost, take(1)Sb. Spend … on sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)在某事上。
I spend ten yuan on the book。
(2)spend (in) doing sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)做某事。
She spent two hours in drawing the house。
(3)Sb. pay …for …sth. 某人为某物花了…钱。
I paid 50 yuan for the clothes。
(4)Sth. cost sb. … 某物花了某人…钱。
It cost us five dollars。
(5)It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…(时间、金钱)做某事。
It takes us ten minutes to brush my teeth every day。
16.too much, too many, much tootoo much + 不可数名词 too many + 可数名词 much too + 形容词、副词(1)There is too much milk in the basket。