当堂训练:
1. Water freezes ______(freeze结冰) at the temperature 0. keeps keep ) moving all the time. 2. The air _____( 3. The town _____( lies lie) to the west of the hill. believe believe) you are right. 4. I _______( Is my son __________ working (work) hard this term? 5. -- ____ is trying -- Oh, yes, he _________(try) his best now. Does the hat _______ fit 6. ______ (fit合适) me well? Are they cleaning 7._____ ________(clean)the classroom now?
四、 一般过去时 1. 表示过去某一具体时间发生过的动作. e.g. I did my homework last night. 注意: 1)有时句中虽然没有表示确定过去时间 状语, 但根据上下文情景可以推断出是过去发生过的动 作,此时也应用一般过去时 e.g. I was sorry to learn of your illness. I didn’t know he was your father. 2)描述已故之人的动作或状态用一般过去时. e.g. Edison invented the electric light. 2. 表示过去经常反复发生的动作. He often swam when he was young. 3. 表示主语过去的状态或特征. e.g. It was rainy last week.
III. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1) 完成时强调过去发生的动作的结果和影响；而 一般过去时强调动作发生的时间，地点，方式等， 与现在没有联系。 e.g. I have just had breakfast. I had breakfast five minutes ago. (时间） I have finished my homework. I finished my home at home. （地点） 2）现在完成时表示的持续状态强调持续到说话 时为止， 与现在有联系， 而一般过去时表示的持 续状态强调过去某段时间的经历， 与现在没有联 系。
初中阶段8种时态： 1.一般现在时 2.现在进行时 3.一般将来时 4.一般过去时 5.过去进行时 6.现在完成时 7.过去完成时（暂时不做要求） 8.过去将来时（暂时不做要求）
一、一般现在时: 1.表示经常反复发生的动作. e.g. They often spend their holidays in the south. 常搭配的时间状语: always often usually sometimes seldom(很少） never from time to time every day every …. once a week 2.表示状态: e.g. He is busy at the moment. 3. 表示客观真理,谚语,格言. e.g. The sun rises in the east.
4. 用与时间或条件状语从句中, 代替一般将来时: e.g. I will be happy if you come. We will go when he comes.
二、现在进行时 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作. e.g. He is playing basketball. 2. 表示目前一阶段正在进行(但说话时不一定在进 行)的动作: e.g. We are preparing for an exam these days.
As we were leaving, some of our friends arrived. When we were playing on the playground , it began to rain. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别: 过去进行时强调过去某时刻或阶段动作的进行, 不表明动作的完成, 而一般过去时表示过去某动 作已发生,表明动作已完成. e.g. He was writing a composition last night.(作文不一定完成) He wrote a composition last night.(作文肯定 写完了)
分析比较
e.g. The Greens have stayed in China for a year. The Greens stayed in China for a year during the war.
I have learned computer for some time. I learned computer for some time while I was in Beijing.
六、 现在完成时 I. 构成： 助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词 II. 用法： 1. 表示某一个动作对现在的影响和结果。 e.g. I have already finished my homework. They have bought a new house. 常用的时间状语：already, just, yet 2. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到说话时， 而且动作还在延续， 常与 “ for+ 时间段 ” 或 “ since + 时间点 ” 的时间状语连用。 e.g. We have learned English for five years/since 2012. He has taught here since he came here.
小结1：常见时间搭配时态
1.一般现在时：always,often,usually,every day,on weekends 2.现在进行时：look,listen,now 3.一般将来时：tomorrow,next week,in the future,in three days 4.一般过去时：yesterday,last week,in 2000 5.过去进行时：at ten yesterday morning 6.现在完成时：already,yet,for 3 years,since 2000
一般现在时与现在进行时的区别 1.进行时强调动作正在进行,而现在时强调动作的 经常和反复,或特征,这类动作没有时间性的. 2.某些表示感官知觉的动词如: see, hear, smell, taste等表示感觉,用一般时,不用进行时. e.g. Can you see a plane in the sky? 注意:1) feel 可以用一般时和进行时表示说话时 的感觉: e.g. How are you feeling today? I feel tired. 2) see, hear 有相应表示动作的动词 look at / listen to , 这些词可以用进行时 比较: Can you see a map on the wall? He is looking at a map on the wall.
三、一般将来时： 相对于讲话时间将要发生的动作或情况 常用的时间：tomorrow ，next week ， the day after tomorrow ，soon in the future ，in+一段时间 ... Eg. 1) She will go to the park tomorrow. 2) I will return home next week. 3)--- What are you going to do this evening? --- I am going to do my lessons.
I saw this film yesterday.
（只说明动作发生在过去。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
She has returned from Paris.
（她已从巴黎回来了。）
She returned yesterday.
（她是昨天回来的。）
五、 过去进行时 1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作. e.g. He was doing shopping this time yesterday. We were having a discussion at that time. 2. 表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作. e.g. Peter was playing chess the whole afternoon yesterday. We were having a meeting from nine to eleven yesterday. 3. 用与 when, while, as引导的表示过去的从句: (注意,这样的动词必须可以持续) e.g. While I was watching TV, the telephone rang.
Hale Waihona Puke He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
想一想：现在你会做了吗？
用play的正确形式填空： plays basketball every day. 1.He ______ is playing basketball now. 2.He ________ 3.He will ________ basketball tomorrow. play 4.He played ______ basketball yesterday. was playing basketball at three 5.He __________ yesterday afternoon. 6.He _________ has played basketball for three years.