当前位置:文档之家› 英语四级考试重点语法精选汇总

英语四级考试重点语法精选汇总

大学英语四级语法精要一、动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)(一)时态1、主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do进行was/weredoing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing/完成had done have/hasdone will/shallhavedone should/would hav edone用于虚拟语气完成进行hadbeendoing have/hasbeendoing / / 2、被动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般was/weregiven am/is/are given Will/ shall begiven should/would be given进行was/werebeing given am/is/are being given //完成was/were beinggiven am/is/are being given/ /完成进行/// /·CET-4 常考得三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。

·时间状语从句当中得时态:ﻩ一般过去时ﻩ所有得过去用ﻩ一般现在时表示现在与将来现在完成时现在完成与将来完成3、现在完成进行时态(have/has been + —ing分词构成):动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束、·I’vebeen writing letters for an hour、I'vebeen sittinginthe g arden、4、过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行得动作·Wehadbeen waitingfor her for two hours by the time she came、5、将来完成进行时:将来某个时刻以前一直在进行得动作、·By nextsummer,he will have been working here for twentyyears、6、将来完成时(由shall/will have+过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生得事、· Ishall have finished this onebefore lunch、They’ll havehit the year'starget bythe endof October、(二)语态1、可以有两种被动结构得类型,例如:· Hewas saidto bejealousofher success、It was saidthat he wasjealousof hersuccess、·能同时适用于上述两个句型得主动词通常都就是表示“估计",“相信"等意义得动词,常见得有:assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,und erstand等。

·It issupposedthatthe shiphasbeen sunk、The ship is suppo sed tohave been sunk、2、担当be supposed to 与不定式得一般形式搭配时往往表示不同得意义.·Why are you driving so fast in thisarea?Youaresupposed tokno wthespeed to know the speed limit、(您应该晓得速度限制)3、双宾语及宾补结构得被动语态1)双宾语结构得被动语态:双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中得一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数就是把间接宾语变为主语.· Hewasasked anumber ofquestions at the press conference、Twodayswere allowed them formakingthe necessary preparations、2)宾补结构得被动语态:· She was called Big Sister byeverybody、4、短语动词1)Vi、+ adv、:Theplane tookofftwo hours late、2)Vi、+prep、:They lookedroundthe Cathedral、3)Vi、+prep、(有被动语态):She’s looking afterher sister's children、4)Vi、+adv、+prep、:I began to look forwardtotheir visits、5)Vt、+ O +adv、:Some womenchoose to stay at home andbring up their c hildren、The children were broughtup by their mother、6)Vt。

+ adv、+ O(无被动语态):I am trying togive upsmoking、7)Vt、+O +prep、:We talkedDonaldinto agreement、(三)省略1、在以as,than, when,if, unless等引导得从句中得省略:在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又与主句得主语一致a),或者主语就是it b),就常常可以把从句中得主语与谓语得一部分(特别就是动词be)省略掉、1)Look out for cars when crossing the street、Whentaken according to the directions,thedrug hasnoside effects、If notwellmanaged, irrigation canbeharmful、Though reducedin numbers, theygained infighting capacity、He said that noacrobatcouldever perform those daringfeats unless tra ined veryyoung、Once having made a promise,you should keep it、2)If necessary I’llhave the letter duplicated、As scheduled,theymet onJanuary 20atthe Chinese Embassy、2、在以than a) 或as b)引起得从句中,常会有一些成分省略、1)He told menot to use more materialthan (it is)necessary、We should think moreof thecollectivethan of ourselves、2)They worked with as much enthusiasmas young people(did)、He is now avice-manager, but still often worksin the kitchen as before、Their training isfree,as isalleducation、We will,asalways, stand on your side、3、错误得省略1)Hislifeisas fully mittedto books as anyone I know、2)Whilestanding therein her nightgown,two bulletsstruckthe wallbeside her、(四)一致1、主谓一致(与插入语无关)1)主谓得分隔原则:主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略得定语从句分隔.2)定语从句中得主谓一致3)随前一致:n、+ together with;as well as;including;along with;with /of;acpanied with / by4)就近原则5)如果主语表示得就是同一个概念,同一人,同一事得时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构得特征就是and连接得两个词只有一个冠词。

·The iron and steelindustry isvery importantto ourcountry、· The head master and mathematical teacheris ing、· Thehead masterand the mathematical teacherare ing、·类似得还有:law and order;bread and;butterblack and white;To love and to be loved is …;A lawyer and a teacherare…;A lawyer and teacher is …6)随后原则:not A but B /not only A but also B+v、(与B一致)7)百分比结构:most,half,rest,some,majority,one +persent;of+n1+v、(由n1决定)8)倒装结构得主谓一致:· There be +n由名词决定动词·Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构:Among/ Between …+系动词+n、(由名词决定动词)9)The + adj、得主谓一致:·当表示“一类人”·当表示某一抽象概念时。

例:The good is always attractive、10) To do/doing/主从+vs、例:More than one + n、;many a +n、;a day or two2、如果主语就是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with,as wellas,asmuchas,no less than, morethan等引导得短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式、· Terry,along with her friend,goesskating everySaturday、Anexpert,together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work、The captain,aswell as the coaches, was disappointed inthe team、3、代词作主语时一致1)each,either, neither与由some,any,no, every构成得复合代词,作单数瞧待、· Each ofus hassomethingto say、Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone、2)some,few,both,many 等作复数3)some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一。

相关主题