我国农产品出口贸易存在的问题与对策研究摘要21世纪国际竞争成为了时代的主旋律,我国是传统农业大国,随着国际竞争的日益加剧,农产品出口贸易在整个出口贸易中占有十分重要的地位,但在WTO冲击下,脆弱的中国农产品出口存在严重问题,如环境污染,加工落后,绿色壁垒,贸易承诺等等,严重影响了农产品出口贸易的正常发展。
我国应该积极主动以市场为导向,调整农业产业结构,大力发展具有比较优势和竞争力的农产品;努力提高农业科技水平;发展规模经济,降低农产品的生产成本;改革农产品出口体制,为农产品出口打出一条通道。
本文从分析农产品出口的产品结构和地区结构入手,认为政府,企业和农民三方应当共同努力,全面提升我国农产品的出口竞争力。
本文围绕我国农产品出口现状、竞争力基本情况及影响我国农产品竞争优势因素等问题进行分析,并对提高我国农产品出口竞争力的对策进行了探讨,在分析这个问题之前,对国内外有关国际贸易的理论及理论的应用进行了介绍,以便作为下文分析问题的工具,接下来介绍了我国农产品国际贸易的现状和农产品国际贸易的影响因素,在此基础上分析了我国农产品在国际贸易中存在的优势和不足,同时还展望了我国加入世界贸易组织后农产品的国际贸易前景,最后以前文的介绍和分析为基础,文章提出了中国如何打造农产品国际竞争优势的一些对策。
关键词农产品;出口贸易;问题;对策Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of Chinese Agricultal Products’ export TradeAbstractInternational competition in the 21st century has become the main theme of the times,China is a large traditional agricultural country,with international competition growing,agricultural exports in the whole export trade occupies a very important position,but under the impact of the WTO,fragile agricultural has serious problems,such as environmental pollution,processing backward,green barriers,trade commitments,and so on,seriously affected the export trade of agricultural products to normal development.China should take the initiative to be market-oriented,adjusting the agricultural structure,vigorously develop the comparative advantage and competitiveness of agricultural products;striving to improve agricultural technology;develop the economies of scale,reduce the production costs of agricultural products;institutional reform of agricultural exports, make a channel for exports of agricultural products.Based on the analysis of the agricultural exports of the product and regional structure start,that the government,the enterprises and farmers should make joint efforts to comprehensively improve Chinese agricultural export competitiveness.This paper around the basic of the situation of Chinese agricultural exports,the competitiveness of the basic situation of Chinese agricultural products,and the impact of competitive factors and other issues analysis,for the exports of agricultural products and enhancing competitiveness of the measures were discussed,before discuss this issue,first,introuduce the theory of international trade and the application at home and abroad,to below as a tool for analysis question,the next,introduce the situation of theinternational trade of agricultural products and many factors on agricultural products,on the basis of this analysis,discuss Chinese agricultural products in the international trade have some advantages and disadvantages,at the same time,look into the future agricultural products in the international trade prospects after our country joined the World Trade Organization,the final,basis on the presentation introduce and analysis of this paper,raise some countermeasures on Chinese how to build competitive advantage in international agricultural products’export trade.Keywords agricultural products; export trade ; problems ; solutions目录摘要...................................................................................................................... I Abstract ............................................................................................................... II第1章绪论 (6)1.1 选题背景 (6)1.2 研究的目的与意义 (6)1.2.1 研究的目的 (6)1.2.2 研究的意义 (7)1.3 国内外研究文献综述 (7)1.4 本文研究的主要框架 (8)第2章农产品贸易的相关理论基础 (9)2.1绝对优势理论和比较优势理论 (9)2.2相互需求理论 (10)2.3要素禀赋理论 (10)2.4新国际贸易理论 (11)第3章我国农产品贸易现状及优劣势分析 (12)3.1 我国农产品贸易现状分析 (12)3.1.1 农产品贸易由顺差转为逆差 (12)3.1.2 畜产品和水产品比重增大 (13)3.1.3 农产品贸易遭遇壁垒狙击 (13)3.1.4 农产品出口结构不合理,经营模式分散 (14)3.2 中国农产品在国际中的地位 (15)3.2.1 农产品竞争力的优劣势分析 (15)3.2.2 农产品净出口指数分析 (16)3.2.3 中国农产品市场占有率分析 (17)3.2.4 农产品国际竞争发展趋势 (18)第4章影响我国农产品出口的主要问题分析 (19)4.1绿色壁垒严重阻碍我国农产品出口 (19)4.2土地密集型农产品成本居高不下 (20)4.3农民组织化程度低 (20)4.4我国农业管理体制不利于农业参与国际竞争 (21)4.4.1初级农产品质量差,加工增值程度低,缺乏国际竞争力 (21)4.4.2有的农产品生产成本高,价格缺乏优势 (22)4.4.3卫生检疫问题导致出口不畅 (22)4.4.4出口体制不顺,国内企业盲目竞争不利于出口 (22)4.4.5我国国内支持农业政策薄弱 (23)第5章农产品出口贸易发展对策 (24)5.1按农产品技术标准组织生产,实施绿色品牌战略 (24)5.2依靠高新科技和规模经营,降低单位农产品成本 (25)5.3提高农民组织化程度,奠定农业参与国际竞争的基础 (25)5.4发展农业产业化经营,增加农业的国际化竞争能力 (26)5.5加大政府对农产品出口的支持力度 (26)5.5.1制订刺激增长农产品出口政策 (26)5.5.2强化政府对农产品出口的服务功能 (26)5.5.3建立适应国际竞争需要的农产品出口管理体制 (27)结论 (28)致谢...................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
参考文献 (29)附录A (30)附录B (39)第1章绪论1.1选题背景近年来,由于中国经济状况的大为好转以及入世步伐的加快,中国的经济发展成为世界各国关注的焦点。
我国是世界农产品生产大国,农产品的出口状况与我国的经济更加紧密相连,备受世界各国的关注。
中国有着自己的特殊国情,地域广阔,气候差异明显,农产品种类繁多,但人均耕地及水资源的短缺约束着我国农业的发展。