Automotive technical abbreviationsABS Anti-blockier system (German) - anti-lock braking systemABDC After bottom dead centre (engine timing)A/C Air conditioningACL Automatic chassis lubrication (commercial vehicles)ACT Air charge temperatureA/F Air/fuel ratioAIR Air injection reactor (emission control)ALB Anti-lock brakes (Honda)ARCS Active roll control system (Citroen)ASD Automatic slip-control differentialASF Audi space frame (aluminium body construction)ASR Antriebs-schulpf-regelung (German) -anti-slip regulation or traction control systerATC Automatic temperature controlATDC After top dead centre (engine timing)ATF Automatic transmission fluidAWD All-wheel drive (also 4WD)AWS All-wheel steering (also 4WS)BBDC Before bottom dead centre (engine timing)BDC Bottom dead centre (engine timing)BHP Brake horsepowerBMEP Brake mean effective pressureBOFT Bearing oil film thicknessBSFC Brake specific fuel consumptionBTDC Before top dead centre (engine timing)CAD Computer aided designCAFE Corporate average fuel economy (American)CAG Computer aided gearshift (Scania)CB Contact breakerCBE Cab behind engine (commercial vehicles)Cd Coefficient of drag (vehicle aerodynamics)CD Capacity discharge (ignition system)CFC Chlorofluorocarbon (refrigerant)CI Compression ignition (diesel engines)CO Carbon monoxide (emission control)CO2 Carbon dioxide (global warming)COE Cab over engine (commercial vehicles)CP Centre of pressure (vehicle aerodynamics)CR Compression ratio (engine)CTX Continuously variable transaxle (Ford)CV Constant velocity (universal joints)CVT Continuously variable transmissionCw Coefficient of drag (German) - vehicle aerodynamicsCx Coefficient of drag (French) - vehicle aerodynamicsDERV Diesel engine road vehicles (fuel)DI Direct injectionDIS Direct ignition system (no distributor)DOHC Double overhead camshaftsEBS Electronic braking system (air brakes)ECI Electronically controlled injectionECM Electronic control moduleECS Evaporative control system (fuel system) Electronically controlled suspensionECT Engine coolant temperatureECU Electronic control unitEDC Electronic diesel controlEFI Electronic fuel injectionEGR Exhaust gas recirculation (emission control)EMS Engine management systemEP Extreme pressure (lubricants)EPAS Electrical power-assisted steering (NSK-RHP)EPHS Electrically powered hydraulic steering (TRW Steering Systems)EPS Electric power steering (EPAS)EUI Electronic unit injector (Lucas Diesel)EVC Exhaust valve closed (engine timing)EVO Exhaust valve open (engine timing)FHP Friction horsepowerFWD Front-wheel driveGCW Gross combination weight (articulated vehicles)GRP Glass reinforced plasticsGTW Gross train weight (drawbar vehicles)GV Governor valve (automatic transmissions)GVW Gross vehicle weight (rigid vehicles)GWP Greenhouse warming potential (refrigerants)HC Hydrocarbons (emission control)HFC Hydrofluorocarbon (refrigerant)HGV Heavy goods vehicleHUCR Highest useful compression ratioHVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioningIFS Independent front suspensionIHP Indicated horsepowerINJ Injection (timing mark)IOE Inlet over exhaust (obsolete valve layout)IRS Independent rear suspensionIVC Inlet valve closed (valve timing)IVO Inlet valve open (valve timing)KPI King-pin inclination (steering)LGV Large goods vehicleLI Load index (tyres)LS Leading shoe (drum brakes)MAF Mass air flow (engines)MAP Manifold absolute pressureMOFT Minimum oil film thicknessMON Motor octane number (more demanding ON test)MPI Multi-point injectionMPV Multi-purpose vehicle (people carrier)NOx Nitrogen oxides (emission control)NVH Noise, vibration and harshness (vehicle refinement testing) OBD On-board diagnosisOD OverdriveODP Ozone depletion potential (refrigerants)OHC Overhead camshaftOHV Overhead valvesON Octane number (petrol anti-knock rating)PAS Power-assisted steeringPBD Polybutadiene (tyres)PCV Positive crankcase ventilation (emission control)PFI Port fuel injection (petrol engines)PM Particulate matter (diesel emission control)PR Ply-rating (tyres)PSV Public service vehiclePTFE PolytetrafluoroethylenePTO Power take-off (commercial vehicles)PVC Polyvinyl chlorideRC Roll-centre (suspension geometry)RON Research octane number (less demanding ON test)RTV Room temperature vulcanizing (sealant)RWD Rear wheel driveSAMT Semi-automated mechanical transmission (Eaton)SBR Styrene-butadiene (tyres)SCA Supplemental coolant additivesSCS Stop control system (Girling)SEFI Sequential electronically-controlled fuel injection (Ford) SFC Specific fuel consumptionSFI Sequential fuel injectionSG Spheroidal graphite (high-strength cast iron)SI Spark ignition (petrol engines)SLA Short and long arm (American) - suspension linkageSOHC Single overhead camshaftSPI Single point injection (petrol engines)SV Side valves (obsolete valve layout)TAC Thermostatic air cleanerTBI Throttle body injection (SPI)TC Twin carburettorsTCI Transistorized coil ignitionTCM Transmission control moduleTCS Transmision controlled spark (engine intervention system) TDC Top dead centre (engine timing)TDI Turbocharged direct injection (diesel engines)TEL Tetra ethyl lead (petrol anti-knock additive)TML Tetra methyl lead (as above)TPS Throttle position sensorTS Trailing shoe (drum brakes)TV Throttle valve (engine and automatic transmissions)TVS Thermal vacuum switch (exhaust gas recirculation)TWC Three-way catalyst (emission control)TXV Thermostatic expansion valve (refrigeration)UJ Universal jointVCP Variable cam phasing (valve timing)VCU Viscous coupling unit (transmission)VDC Vehicle dynamics control (Bosch)VI Viscosity index (lubricants)VIVT Variable inlet valve timingWOT Wide-open throttle。