主谓一致1. 由and连接的主语1)指不同的人，物或事，谓语用复数; 指同一人，物或事谓语用单数A teacher and a writer are talking to the students.A teacher and writer is talking to the students.( a cart and horse, knife and fork, this bread and butter etc.)2) 由and 连接的名词带有no , each, every, many a时谓语用单数No student and no teacher is permitted to smoke in the school.Many a girl and many a boy has failed in the test.2. 由一个主语决定谓语1)由here或there 引导的句子，若有并列主语，谓语动词按就近原则There seems to be no doubt about it.There are several books and a pen on the desk..Here is a stamp and two books for you.2)主语后面跟有介词with, together, along, but, except, besides, including, rather than, as well as, like, rather等引导的短语时，动词形式取决与主语本身The factory including its machines was burnt down last night.The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.3) not only …but also; either …or; neither …nor; …or …; not …but 连接的并列主语,使用就近分配原则Either the teacher or his students are to blame.Not only the doors but also the floor has been painted.3. 表示数量的名词做主语1) all of/ some of/ most of/ half of/ a lot of/ lots of /the rest of / part of /plenty of/one-third of /two-thirds of/sixty percent of/ enough of谓语动词单复数由主语中心词决定One seventh of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Twenty-five percent of the doctors are women.注意Quantity作主语的用法A large quantity of water is needed to cool the machine.Large quantities of water are needed.A large quantity of books are needed.all 单独作主语,All are present. All is quiet. All are preparing for the party. All is ready.2) 主语由a pair /kind/sort/type/variety/set/suit of +名词（单或复数）构成，动词位于取决于这些词本身This kind of book/books sells well. All kinds of books sell well.3) many a/ more than +n.单数，意义虽然是复数，但动词谓语为单数Many a boy has done his duty. More than one game was lost.A large number of doctors are devoted to their work.The number of devoted doctors is large.5) 时间距离价格度量衡等数量概念，看作一个整体，单数；看作个体，复数Six months is too short a time. A hundred years is called a century.Five miles is a long distance for me. Five dollars is far from enough..6) 如果主语为one in/ one out of/ every one of/ one of /each of/ any one of/ either of/ neither of,动词为单数One in ten students has failed.One of the boys who are willing to do the job is here.4. 几个名词作并列主语，若最后的名词起归纳总结作用，则单数The building, the campus, the classroom, everything was new and different.5. 同位语作并列主语，谓语动词与中心词一致We each have a book.Each of us has a book.6. The following, Such和what从句作主语，动词单复数取决于表语Such is the reason. Such are the facts.The following is the answer. The following are some examples.What I need is your help. What I need are your help and encouragement.7. 集体名词作主语主语为family, class, crew, committee, team, army, audience, government, club, crowd, group, faculty, staff.表示整体时谓语动词用单数，强调个体成员时，谓语动词用复数Our team is at the third place.Our team are in high spirits.The audience today is large.The audience are enjoying every minute of the concert.The population of the earth is increasing quickly.One third of the population here are workers.* the whole +集体名词，动词用单数* all the +集体名词，动词用单数或复数The whole staff has signed the paper.All the staff have/has signed the paper.8. the +adj. 作主语，表示一类人，动词用复数;表示一类物，动词用单数The old are well looked after by the government.The beautiful is not always useful.9. 以–s结尾的名词作主语1)学科名称physics, mathematics, mechanics, politics, statistics, economics…Physics is an important subject in senior high schools.2) 国家、机构名、书名、剧名、报名，动词用单数山脉、群岛、瀑布名，动词用复数The New York Times still has a large circulation.His”Selected Poems” was first published in 1965.The Philippines lie to the southeast of China.10. 从句，非谓语做主语1)Whether he succeeds or fails doesn’t concern me.What he says or what he does has nothing to do with me.When and where he went is not known.2) What was real to him were the details of his life.What he wants now is a rest.3) Increasing their wages has raised the crew’s courage.请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

1. Three years _______ (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_______ (be) really a long time.2. _______ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon?3. My family _______ (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family ______ (be) all party members.4. The whole class ________ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.5. The news ______ (be) very exciting.6. To learn one or two foreign languages _______ (be) very important nowadays.7. The last and most difficult lesson _______ (be) Lesson 14.8. I, who _______ your friend, will try my best to help you.9. The scientist and engineer _______ (have) invented a new machine.10. Alice，together with her friends，_______ (be) punished for having broken the school rules.11. Every girl and every boy _______ (have) the right to join the club.12. —_______ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?—Neither she nor I________(be).13. Ancient and modern history _____ (be) the subjects we are studying.14. Many a scientist _______ (have) devoted their lives to science.15. The old _______ (be) respected in our country.答案与解析：1. have; is。