Skills required

Japan
General skills is required in a company Workers try to get overall skills that is necessary to fulfill various jobs in a company

Company system
Japan Cross functional Workers are assigned various jobs within a company 人事異動（じんじいどう） Your career is developed within a company

US
Vertical functional Workers are promoted within a department


Bad
It is not easy to share company culture with new workers It is expensive to advertise a job opening, recruit and train a new worker Outsider CEOs care more about their own reputation or benefit than company reputation of future Companies lay-off employees easily, employees quits easily -low trust
Ex)A marketing senior manager is promoted to a HR Vice president
Your career is developed within a market
Recruiting and Promotion Decision makers

Japan


Good
You are able to see overall company, which helps you to be a manager who is fully understanding the company Insider CEOs care more about company future or reputation than their own reputation or benefit Strong company culture and strong loyalty is developed -employees are thought to be assets rather than cost

US: Short term You change companies or jobs and proceed within the market Average Americans have 6-8 different jobs and 3-4 different occupations
Japan: Good points/ Bad points
HR department
They have the function of recruiting and promoting of allover the company

US
Each department
There are recruiters but each department often has recruiting functions too Managers of each department usually has promotion functions



You can save the cost for workers who quit jobs

US: Good points/ Bad points


Good
Flexible-you are able to change companies, jobs as you desire You can fire low productive workers easily

終身雇用(しゅうしんこよう）
- Once you are hired by the company, you will work for it until you retire

人事異動（じんじいどう）
- You are assigned various kinds of jobs in different departments within the company
Difference of salary you get and salary based on your performance
1000000 900000 800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 22 30 40 50 60 Salary base on your performance Salary you get

US Special skills that is required for a job in the market
Workers try to get special skills that is necessary to fulfill a specific job
Commitment
Japan: Lifelong (終身 雇用） Once you are hired to the company, basically you will work for the company until you retire Exception)Workers are sometimes sent to an another company that has relation with his/her company but mainly it is for making stronger connection between companies
Japanese company structure VS American company structure
Key concepts to understand Japanese Business system

ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
年功序列（ねんこうじょれつ）
-Salary goes higher as you get older


Bad
It is not easy to leave a company which you find you do not fit


You might be assigned to a department that you do not desire
Not getting people who has experience in a different market makes companies more difficult to get new wind It is not easy to fire low productive workers




Getting new workers who has experience of a different market or jobs brings new wind to a company

Findings

You need to stay in the company until you retire to get the salary that you haven not received
This salary system (年功序列） is closely related to 永年雇用 system
Salary
Japan ‘年功序列’ （ねんこうじょれつ） －You get higher salary as you get older


US
Your salary is based on your current performance
Salary you get now is not always related to your current performance