Static vs. Dynamic
English is static because of its noun predominance.
A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to motives behind it.
Chinese is dynamic owing to its verb predominance
On
account of John, I decided to refuse the
job. Professor Green did not travel by air for fear of having a heart attack. Dial 119 in case of fire. In contrast with his brother, he is always considerate in his treatment of others. In spite of the heavy rain, they went on working.
3. Prepositional phrases used as adverbial
他拿着枪，绕着屋子走。 He walked around the house with a gun. 穿过森林，他们找到了那个小村庄。 Through the forest, they found the small village. 说完这些话，他出去了。 With these words, he went out. 他们立刻出动去追击敌人。 They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.
6. prep. phr.
with/without + n. + doing/done adverbial.
He remained silent with his head down and hands in his pockets. With a rifle across his shoulder, the boy was playing the soldier.

Exercises
吃过晚饭玛丽喜欢带孩子上街去走走。 Mary would like to take her child to the street for a walk after supper. 委员会成员完全赞成这项新提议。 The whole committee are completely for the new proposal. 邦德身着晚宴外套，开着玩笑，成了一名超级 英雄。 Bond became a joky superhero in a dinner jacket. 一到城里他就给舅舅打了个电话。 On reaching the city he called up his uncle.
She ran back to the kitchen, with eggs held carefully in her hands. The supermarket is very crowded on Sundays, with people going in and out. Without any food left in the refrigerator, she went shopping after work. He went to sleep with his light on.
It is beneath my dignity to do such a thing. 做这样的事有损我的尊严。 It is beyond his power to sign the contract on behalf of his company. 他无权代表公司签合同。 The rude remarks of such an ill-mannered person are beneath my notice. 对这样一个毫无教养的人口中之言，不值一 理。
1. be + prepositional phrase ( prep. + n.)


The discussion is under way. He is at his books. The machine is in operation. I know him quite well, for we are in the same office. At this time of the day, children are all at school.
He
grasped John by the collar. 他一把抓住约翰的衣领。 They praised the boy for his bravery. 他们赞扬那男孩的勇敢精神。
Prepositional phrases used as purposes or directions
他邀请我去他家吃午饭。 He invited me to his house for lunch. 我们热烈欢迎你们参加这次研讨会。 We warmly welcome you to the seminar. 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。 Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.
研究一下那封信，就使我们毫不怀疑该 信是别有用心的。
Preposition
Noun
predominance results in a great deal of use of prepositions in English. The American ambassador to China expressed his hope of further improving the bilateral relations. His overdependence on his parents made him unable to adapt himself to the new life.
Revision

be above reproach make sth. after a model against the law to work against time against reason against a rainy day against the blue sky at a stretch to enter at the front door
be + prep. phr. (expressing comparison)
迈克的化学比班上其他同学好得多。 Michael is rather above the rest of the class in chemistry. 这部小说我读不懂。 The novel is above me. 要论音乐鉴赏力，苏珊比不上艾玛。 Susan is below Emma in music comprehension.








放债牟利 苦心经营 提前来 宁死不屈 不合时代潮流的思 想 背着某人干… 及其可鄙 不够格 许多借口掩饰下的 真情实况 不重要




beside the point beside the question beside oneself to read between the lines between the cup and lip between two fires beyond dispute something beyond a joke by nature by trade/ profession by the look of it





That failure gave me a heavy blow and I was at a loss about my future in the following days. 那次失败使我受到很大打击，在接下来的一段时间 里， 我对自己的前途感到很迷茫。 Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭，住着冰冷的窑洞，点着昏 暗的油灯，长时间地工作着。 On behalf of the organizing committee, I sincerely invite you to the conference on Western literature as an honored guest. 我代表组委会诚挚邀请您作为嘉宾参加有关西方文 学的这次会议。

2. Prepositional phrases used as attributives
他是个脱离了低级趣味的人。 He is a man above vulgar interests. 他有人给他撑腰。 He has someone behind him. 我在读莎士比亚写的剧本。 I am reading a play by Shakespeare. 这个民有、民治、民享的政府将永存于世。 The government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.

无可指责 按照一个式样做 违法 争分夺秒地干 不讲理 未雨绸缪，防未然 在蓝天的映衬下 不停地 从前门进入






to lend money at interest at pains to do it to come before time to die before yielding ideas behind the times to do sth. behind one’s back below contempt below the mark the real reason below a mass of pretexts beneath notice