200812SectionC:One of the most common images of advanced Western-style culture is that of a busy traffic-filled city. Since their first (36)appearance on American roadways, automobiles have become a (37)symbol of progress, a source of thousands of jobs a nd almost an inalienable right for citizens’ personal freedom of movement. In recent (38)decades, our love affair with the car is being (39)exported directly to the developing world and it is increasingly (40)apparent that this transfer is leading to disaster.America’s almost complete dependence on automobiles has been a terrible mistake. As late as the 1950s, a large (41)percentage of the American public used mass transit. A large (42)combination of public policy decisions and corporate scheming saw to it that countless (43)convenient and efficient urban streetcar and intra-city rail systems were dismantled(拆除). (44)Our air quality now suffers from the effects of the pollutants emitted directly from our cars. Our lives have been planned along a road grid--homes far from work, shopping far from everything, with ugly stretches of concrete and blacktop in between.Developing countries are copying Western-style transportation systems down to the last detail. (45)The problems caused by motorized vehicles in the West are often magnified in developing nations. Pollution-control measures are either not strict or nonexistent, leading to choking clouds of smog. Gasoline still contains lead, which is extremely poisonous to humans. (46)Movement in some cities comes to a virtual standstill, as motorized traffic competes with bicycles and pedestrians.In addition to pollution and traffic jams, auto safety is a critical issue in developing countries.200806Section CI’m interested in the criminal justice system of our country. It seems to me that something has to be done, if we’re to survive as a country. I certainly don’t know what the answers to our problems are. Things certainly get complicated in a hurry when you get into them, but I wonder if something couldn’t be done to deal with some of these problems. One thing I’m concerned about is our practice of putting offende rs in jail who haven’t harmed anyone. Why not work out some system whereby they can pay back the debts they owe society instead of incurring another debt by going to prison and, of course, coming under the influence of course, coming under the influence of hardened criminals. I’m also concerned about he short prison sentences people are serving for serious crimes. Of course one alternative to this is to restore capital pu8nishment, but I’m not sure I would be for that. I’m not sure it’s right to take an eye . The alternative to capital punishment is longer sentences but they would certainly cost the tax-payers much money. I also think we must do something about the insanity plea. In my opinion, anyone who takes another person’s life intentionally is insane; however, that does not mean that the person isn’t guilty of the crime or that he shouldn’t pay society the debt he owes. It’s sad, of course, that a person may have to spend the rest of his life, or a large part of it in prison for acts that he committed while not in full control of his mind.200712Section C Compound DictationIf you are like most people, you’ve indulged in fake listening many times. You goto history class, sitting in the third row, and look squarely at the instructor as she speaks, but your mind is far away, floating in the clouds of pleasant daydreams. Occasionally, you come back to earth. The instructor writes an important term on the chalkboard and you dutifully copy it in your notebook. Every once in a while the instructor makes a witty remark causing others in the class to laugh; you smile politely, pretending that you’ve heard the remark and found it mildly humorous. You have a vague sense of guilt that you aren’t paying close attention, but you tell yourself that any material you miss can be picked up from a friend’s notes. Besides, the instructor is talking about road construction in ancient Rome and nothing could be more boring. So back you go into your private little world. Only later do you realize you’ve missed important information for a test. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you are merely pretending to listen. Your blank expression and far-away look in your eyes are the cues that betray your inattentiveness. Even if you are not exposed, there is another reason to avoid fakery. It’s easy for this behavior to become a habit. For some people, the habit is so deeply-rooted that they automatically start daydreaming when the speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting. As a result, they miss lots of valuable information.200706Section CNursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the false impression thatnurses are there to wait on the physician. As nurses, we are (36)________io provide nursing care only. We do not have any legal or moral (37)________to any physician. We provide healih teaching.(38)________physical as well as emotional problems.(39)________patient-related services.and make all of our nursing decisions based upon what is best or suitable for the patient. If. in any(40)_________. we feel that a physician's order is (41)________or unsafe, we have a legal(42) ______ to question that order or refuse to carry it out.Nursing is not a nine-to five job with every weekend off. All nurses are aware of that before they enter the profession. The emotional and physical stress, however, that occurs due to odd working hours is a (43)________reason for a lor of the career dissatisfaction. (44)______________That disturbs our persona! lives, disrupts our sleeping and eating habits.and isolates us from everything except job-related friends and activities.The quality of nursing care is being affected dramatically by these situations.(45)_____________________________Consumers of medically related services have evidently not been affected enough yet to demand changes in our medical system. But if trends continue as predicted, (46)__________________________________________。