代词可以使语句简洁、干脆利落,因此也是高考的一个重要考点。
代词多出现在单项填空和阅读理解中。
从近几年的高考题来看,代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。
命题点:(1)不同代词的语义功能和语法功能;(2)不同代词之间的意义区别。
一、代词的基本用法实用文档实用文档二、代词辨析1.some与any(1) some一般用于肯定句中,但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时,可用于疑问句中;any一般用于否定、疑问句或条件句中,但当any强调“任何一……”时,用于肯定句中。
something,somebody,someone的用法同some;anything,实用文档anybody,anyone的用法同any。
如:—Would you like to give me some if you have any?—Yes, I'd love to. You can come and get them any day you like.(2) some “某一”,修饰可数名词单数,暗含不知道,不便说明等。
如:There must be some job you can do.2.none, nobody, no one与nothingnone既可指人又可指物,表示特指概念,其后可跟of所引导的一个范围,常回答how many和how much引导的疑问句;no one和nobody只能指人,表示泛指概念,常回答who引导的疑问句,且不可与of短语搭配,nothing只能指物,表示泛指概念,常回答what引导的疑问句。
如:—Who is in the reading room?—No one/ Nobody.—How much petrol is left?—None.—What's in your hand?—Nothing.3. another与otheranother指三者或三者以上当中的另一个;the other指两者当中的另一个,也可接名词复数,特指其他某些人或物;other意思是“其他的”,不能单独使用,后面必须接名词,表泛指;others可指其他的人或东西,相当于other+名词复数;the others 实用文档特指其他某些人或物,相当于the other+名词复数。
4.实用文档5.one/that/those/it实用文档三、it的几大考点1. it 用作形式主语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式:(1) 用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。
如:It (so) happened that I had no money with me.碰巧我没带钱。
(2) 当系表结构后接有if 或when引导的状语从句时,通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。
如:It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他那样做使我很吃惊。
(3) 用于if it were not for…/ if it hadn't been for…(若不是因为)结构中。
如:If it hadn't been for the freezing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒风,他们就能及时赶到伤员身边了。
实用文档2. it 用作形式宾语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,常在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。
it用作形式宾语的两类特殊句式:(1) 动词+it+if / when从句。
当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时,此时需要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。
如:I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事,我会十分感激。
(2) 动词+介词+it+that从句。
能用于此句型的主要动词短语有depend on, rely on, count on, answer for, see to等。
如:I'll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve.我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。
3. it 在强调句中的用法。
如:It was lack of money, not of efforts, that defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫,原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982?谁赢得了1982年的世界杯?实用文档4. it 在习语中的用法。
包括it的习语很多,如:make it 成功,到达take it easy 别着急,放心好了believe it or not信不信由你forget it没关系;别在意;算了吧That's it. (口语)完了;没有了(表示某个情况已经结束);做得对。
when it comes to sth.说到,涉及5.与it 有关的几个时间状语从句。
It+is/has been+一段时间+since从句It's ages since we last met.自从我们上次见面到现在有很多年了。
It+was/will be+一段时间+before从句(从句用一般过去时或一般现在时) It was not long before he left Nanjing.It+was+时间点+when从句(从句谓语用一般过去时)It was eight o'clock when we arrived.我们到达时是八点。
实用文档1. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ________ in the newspaper.A.it B.those C.one D.that【误】只注意information是不可数名词而选择A;误把information看作是复数概念而选择B;把information理解为是单数可数名词而误选C。
【正】D 句意为:因特网信息比报纸信息传播更迅速。
it指代前面提到的事物,代替可数名词单数;that代替“the +可数名词单数或不可数名词”,表示特指;此处that等于“the +information”,特指报纸上的信息。
2. To save class time, our teacher has _____ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.A.us B.we C.our D.ours【误】认为students是名词,应该用形容词修饰,而误选C;对词性把握不够而误选B、D。
【正】A 根据our teacher可知说话人是学生,us与students是同位语。
has 是动词,后需要跟宾语,选A。
3. The protection of our environment is not __________ to be left to the 实用文档environment. Everyone should be concerned.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything【误】受not的影响,容易误选anything,但anything与not连用多用来表示没有东西,与所给语境不符。
【正】C something在此处表示“某事、某物”,即环境保护的事情不能留给环境本身。
4.【误】I like if you help me do the work.【正】I like it if you help me do the work.【解析】like, hate, appreciate后加it才能跟从句。
5.你没有必要惊慌。
【误】It is no need for you to panic.【正】It is not necessary for you to panic.【正】There is no need for you to panic.【解析】要注意区分it作形式主语的句型和there be 引出的句型。
it作形式主语时可以很容易地找到它所代替的真正的主语,而there be句型里是没有这个替代关系的。
实用文档1.—Do you want milk or coffee?—_______. I really don't mind.A.None B.Neither C.Either D.All【解析】C 此题考查代词none, neither, either, all 的用法。
根据问句知道是两者之间进行选择,而且从答句中后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二个人的意思是“两者中任何一个都可以”,所以用either。
2.[2009·陕西卷] Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn't answer ______ of them.A.other B.any C.none D.some【解析】B 考查代词辨析。
所填词与not构成全部否定,四个选项中只有any 与not构成not…any,等于none,表示全部否定,选B。
3. Will you see to ________ that my birds are well looked after while I am away?A.them B.yourself C.it D.me【解析】C 考查代词。
所填词构成固定句型see to it that,意为“注意,务必,一定要做到”。
选C。
4.[2010·福建卷] When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson,could you please say 实用文档__________ for me?A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing【解析】C 考查代词。