英国概况Northernand of Great Britain 1The United Kingdom 英国名称：，Ireland)2 Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles, the地理位置：，largest island in Europe and the eighth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of Continental Europe,with Ireland to the west, and makes up the largest part ofthe territory of the state known as the United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded byover 1,000[citation needed] smaller islands and islets.或British mainland western Europe from Great 者回答Britain and Ireland, north-east and many nearby islands，She east by the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean to the west,up to the North Atlantic off Iceland, Yugoslavia and theEuropean continent, separated only by a strip of water,the English Channel3, 英国首都：London4,组成部分：England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland5,民族：England Welsh、Scotch、Irish6, the Union FlagGod Save The Queen 天佑女英国国旗：英国国歌：43AD, the roman empire；Roman Conquest，三次外族入侵：Ⅰ7．th century,late 8ⅡAnglo-Saxon Conquest ；theScandinavia, created a certain cultural dividebetween northerners and southerners in EnglandⅢNorman Conquest ；1066, Normans, William took the English throne, and became William theFirst4, 英国主要河流：River Thames泰晤士河River Severn塞文河8，政府组成部分：Monarch，Parliament，Cabinetth century AD5 君主制时间：君主的职能：Presided over the opening of parliament , Order in Council approved the signed of an Act of Parliament and meet the Prime Minister and the Queen stands for the British in the world . Such as receiving foreign ambassadors and high commissioners, receiving visiting heads of state, and and accessing overseas countries , the United Kingdom and other countries to support diplomatic and economic rerelations.君主现处地位：皇宫：Buckingham Palace现代君主：Elizabeth II9，议会历史：Magna Carta组成部分：Queen\King ,house of lords , house of commonstheby appointed lords: of house be To 如何成为两院的议员：Queen\KingTo be house of commons: general election 主要职能：pass the law10，内阁首脑：Minister成员：the members of parliament职能：to persuade parliament to pass laws and vote for taxes\carryout the functions of policy-making11，英国普选对象：voters and candidates选举人：候选人：成为首相的人选：the leader of the governing party主要执政党派：the conservation party \the labour party现任英国的执政党：the labour party如何成为执政党：The party wins the majority seats in the house of commons12，英国经济工业革命之父：瓦特（James Watt）发明：蒸汽机（steam engine）13，英国的教育3个阶段：primary education，secondary education，higher education 2大分支：public education，private educationmaster degree，doctor degree，bachelors degree大学教育中的学位：14，英国文学：thth11—):theEnglish(6段:①Old 1．英语发展的三个阶anglo-saxon languagethth):the combination of Middle English(11English --15and ②Frenchth—now) Modern English(15③2.英国最早的一部作品及内容：Beowulf 3.英国第一个诗人及其代表作：诗人：Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟).代表作：The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事集)4.伊丽莎白时期的作家及其代表作①William Shakespeare:悲剧Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth,Romeo and Juliet喜剧Twelfth Night, The Tempest,A Midsummer Night's Dream,The Taming Of The Shrew②Christopher Marlowe : The Tragical History of DR Faustu5.弥尔顿的三部曲：Paradise Lost , Paradise Regained, SamsonAgonistes15，英国媒体最早的报纸：The Observerbroadsheets(quality press)\tabloid(gutter press)报纸分为那两类：BBC的含义：The British Broadcasting Corporation16，英国的节日圣诞节的含义：to commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ感恩节的含义：to commemorates the Crucifixion and Resurrectionof Jesus Christ美国概况：1，名称：the United States of America2，地理位置(geographical position)：The country is situated mostly in central North America , and lies between the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean , bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.4，临国(neighboring countries): Canada, Mexico.5，主要河流(major rivers)：The Mississippi River ,the Colorado River ,the Columbia River , the Yukon River ,the Missouri River6，五大湖(Great Lakes)：Lake Superior ,Lake Michigan ,LakeHuron ,Lake Erie ,Lake Ontario.7，首都：Washington D.C8，独立战争（American Revolutionary War/American War of Independence）：1、双方：It began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America , and ended in a global war between several European great powers.George Washington.、领导者：2．3、起止时间：Sep 19,1775---Sep 3,17839，独立宣言（United States Declaration of Independence）：1、起草者(drafter)：Thomas Jefferson2、时间：July 4,1776th July,1776，被通过的时间：434，主要内容：We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men arecreated equal , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.10，美国的政治体制三权分立：Legislative Branch is made up of elected representatives from allof the states, and is only branch that can make federal taxes, declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. 立法机构所属机构为参议院（the Senate）和众议院（the House of Representative）；the Executive branch的所属机构有president, vice-president,cabinet and 13 departments.The Judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is theonly court specifically created by the Constitution.职能：Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out ofthe Constitution; laws and treaties of the United States ; maritime cases; issues involving foreign citizens or governments; and cases in which the federal government itself is a party.三权分立的核心：checks and balances联邦条款：Articles of Confederation.这是1777年11月国会通过的美国第一部宪法性文件，规定了联合新独立的13个州松散的邦联政府的职能。