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英语句子成分讲解及练习


4. They │talked for half an hour.
5. The pen │writes smoothly
此句型的句子有一个共同特点, 即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的 意思。虽然这种结构中动词后面不加宾语,但是往往带有状语。后 面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
状语可由以下形式表示:
• 4.他们成功地完成了计划。 They have carried out the plan successfully. • • 5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.
• 6.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. • • 7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
• leave(留给某人……), leave sb sth (leave sth to sb) • pass(递给某人……), pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) • read(给某人读……), read sb sth (read sth to sb) • write(给某人写……), write sb sth (write sth to sb) • take(给某人拿……), take sb sth (take sth to sb)
基本句型 一:SV(主+谓)
主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词, 动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。
谓语: 谓语由动词构成, 是英语时态、语态 变化的主角, 一般在主语之后。不及物动词 (vi.)没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。 如: We come.
S│V(不及物动词)
1. The sun│rose. 2. Who │cares? 3. What he said │does not matter.
• 5秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
In autumn, some birds fly to the south.
• 6.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 My grandfather gets up early in the morning. • • 7. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.
1. My sister is writing a letter at this moment. 2. Jack enjoys collecting stamps. 3. Our teacher promised to see the movie with us. 4. I don’t know which school he is in.
He jumped with joy.
基本句型 二:S V O (主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都
具有实义, 都是主语产生的动作, 但不能
表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做及物动词。
主语 + 及物动词(及物动词后面可直 接加宾语) + 宾语
Do you mind my opening the window?
基本句型 三:S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g.
give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个
指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)。
1. His father bought him a computer. 2. I sent a birthday gift to her yesterday. 3. My mother taught me how to do it 4. She asked Lucy whose pen it was.
• Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词 组) • He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短 语) • He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语) • He is in the room making a model plane.(分 词短语)
8. 他一直走到山边。
He walked as far as the hillside.
9.这支笔很好写。 The pen writes smoothly. 10. 这些苹果很好卖。 These apples sell well.
11. 水果不易保鲜。
Fruits can’t keep well. 12. 这种布很易洗。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 13. 她高兴地跳起来了。
Jim cannot dress himself.
• 8.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. • • 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 He did not know what to say. • • 10. 我开窗户你在意吗?
状语还可以由以下成分表示
• Once you begin, you must continue.(状语 从句) • Wait a minute.(名词)
• 巩固练习: • 1.她昨天回家很晚。
1. She went home very late yesterday evening.
• 2.会议将持续两个小时。
• get(为某人弄到……), get sb sth (get sth for sb) • pay(支付给某人……), pay sb sth (pay sth for sb) • buy(为某人买……), buy sb sth (buy sth for sb) • do(为某人做……) do sb sth (do sth for sb) • sing(为某人唱……) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb) • play(为某人演奏……) play sb sth (play sth for sb)
英语的基本成分有七种: ___________________________________ 主语(subject)、 谓语(predicate)、
___________________________________ 表语(predicative)、 宾语(object)、
___________________________________ 定语(attribute)、 状语(adverbial) 和___________________ 补语(complement)
一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合
谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做 连系动词。
系动词分两类: be, look, keep, seem等, 表情况;
get, grow, become, turn等属另一类, 表变化。
be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的
• cook(为某人煮……) cook sb sth (cook sth for sb) • choose(为某人选择……) choose sb sth (choose sth for sb) • make(为某人做……) make sb sth (make sth for sb) • save(为某人留……) save sb sth (save sth for sb) • fetch(为某人去取……) fetch sb sth (fetch sth for sb)
The new machine will save you a lot of labour.
• 7.他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件 毛衣。
salary.
He bought a new coat for his mother with his first mo
基本句型四:SVP(主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点: 句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上
• 巩固练习: • 1.昨晚我写了一封信。
I wrote a letter last night.
• 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。
I want to talk with you this afternoon.
• 3.这本书他读过多次了。
He has read this book many times.
常见的可以接双宾语的动词有
• tell(告诉某人……), tell sb sth (tell sth to sb) • send(送给某人……), send sb sth (send sth to sb) • give(给某人……), give sb sth (give sth to sb) • bring(带给某人……), bring sb sth (bring sth to sb)
英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看, 似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发 现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基 本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、 省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种 英语句子结构的基础。
* 句子成分(member of sentence)由
词或词组充当
• 巩固练习: • 1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
Mr. Johபைடு நூலகம்son taught us German last year.
• 2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 • Grandma told me an interesting story last night. • 3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?
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