Anaphoric use of spatial deixis(前照应):
• Anaphoric use refers to some place that has ever been mentioned in the conversation. E.g. I drove the car to the parking lot and left there.
• A) (Teacher and student in the classroom) • Teacher: Martha, where is Mexico? • Martha: Mexico is on page 17. • B) (Two friends on Bus 92) • A: Where should I get off to go to the museum? • B: I’m getting off at Qiulin. Get off before that.
Humorous Spatial Deixis
Temporal (time) Deixis
• It is often encoded in English in adverbs such as now,then,ago,later,soon and before, calendrical terms(terms based on the calendar) like yesterday,today and tomorrow,and in some adverbials like this/last/next/Monday/week/month/ year/and the day before/after yesterday/tomorrow.
• The most obvious spatial deitic terms in English are the adverbs(here; there), the demonstratives(this;that),along with their plural forms(these; those) and the relevant verbs(come; go; take; bring).
www,
bring
here
this
speakers go there
come
that
take
• These pants are too small. (Adj) • Of perfume: That is too strong. (Pro) • ‘Here’, ‘there’ : ‘this place’, ‘that place’ • ‘go’ — move away from the deictic center • ‘come’ — move toward the deictic center
Gestural use of spatial deixis:
• Gestural use is the use by which it can be properly interpreted only by somebody monitoring some physical aspect of the communication situation. • Take “there” for example: Please take his book there.
Spatial deixis (place deixis)
• Spatial deixis concerns itself with the spatial locations relevant to an utterance ,the locations may be either those of the speaker and addressee or those of persons or objects being referred to.
Symbolic useBiblioteka of spatial deixis:
• Symbolic use refers to the use whose interpretation involves merely knowing certain aspects of the speech communication situation,whether this knowledge comes by current perception or not. • E.g. How are things there?
• In the tense system,the present tense is the proximal form,and the past tense is the distal form. Proximal Temporal: Now, Today • Distal temporal: Then, Yesterday, Monday • A: I’m going to the store Monday. B: I have a meeting Today. • C: Wednesday is my birthday.
THANKS
• D.Yesterday was a great day! • One morning you find a sign that says：
• But we don’t know when the sign was posted.
Bibliography
[1]Yule,G.2000.pragmatics.Shang hai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. [2]杨忠. 英语语言学导论[M].北京： 中国人民大学出版社. [3]何兆熊.新编语用学摘要[M].