2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、 时态、和数的变化 He needs to go there himself. He has grown up,we don’t need to worry about him.
3.Sth (sb) need( want, request)+ doing/ to be done The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.
❖ 3．He ___A____ speak to his mother like that.
❖ A．ought not to B．doesn’t ought to C．not ought to D．ought to not
❖ 4．I don’t think we’d better ____A___ it any more.
❖情态动词的一些惯用法
表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.
情态动词
对将来
肯定的推测
+ V.
must 常见must be
对现在
对过去
+ V.
+ have done
+ be doing
可能的推测
may, might
否定的推测
can’t, couldn’t
疑问的推测
can, could
+ V.
+ V.
+ have done
Grammar
情态动词
❖非推测性情态动词shall, will, must, mustn’t, should, would的用法
❖情态动词must, can/could, may/might, should/ought to表猜测的用法
❖情态动词could, should/ought to, may/might , needn’t+ have done 表示 假设的用法
+ be doing
可以用not表示“可能不”
+V.
+ V.
+ have done
+ be doing
+ V.
+ V.
+ have done
+ be doing
•Must +have done 表示对过去已经
发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准 是/一定作了某事”。
1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词 。
1.You should have told him a week ago. 你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。
might（不用may）+have done表示 “本来可能…”，但实际上没有发生的 事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可 以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语 气。
1.You might not have told her. 你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）
（一）否定句 had better, should, ought to用于否定句时， 否定词均位于其后，具体形式为： had better not do, shouldn't / should not do, oughtn‘t to do。 例1此时你最好别出发。： You had better not start at this time.
4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we __D__ so formally.
A needn’t dress B. didn’t have to dress up C. Might not have dressed up D. needn’t
have dressed up
C. should go
D. could have gone
4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we __D__ so formally.
A.needn’t dress B. didn’t have to dress up C. Might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed up 5.I’m rather surprised you haven’t reported him
1.判断正误: How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?
He daren’t to speak English before such a crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
2.---Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet?
---She __B__ again in the morning?
A. shouldn’t have overslept
B. may have turned off the alarm clock
C. must have no one t o call her
那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。
could(不用can)+have done,在肯定 句中表示“本来能够…而没能…”，具 有婉转的批评和责备之意。
You could have told me earlier. 你本该早点告诉我的。
should/ought to+have done用于肯定 句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没 做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该 做的事反而做了”。
You had better not go home, had you?
例2： 你应该认真学习，是吗？
You should study hard, shouldn't you?
例3： 你上课不应该讲话，是吗？
He oughtn't to speak in class, ought he?
❖ 1．The flower is dead. I ___C____ it yesterday.
疑问句
现在时Dare he do?
Do you/Does he dare (to) do?
过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do
2.I wonder how he_D___that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C.not dare say D.dared say
Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.
These dishes need be cleaned carefully. These dishes need to be cleaned carefully. These dishes need cleaning carefully.
2. You might have come earlier. 你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）
needn’t +have done表示做了本 来不必去做的事。
1.She needn’t have gone to the station yesterday. 昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了） 2.You needn’t have bought it. 你本可不必买它的。 （你买了）
had better(最好), should(应该)与ought to （应该）均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词， 其后接动词原形。should 比had better语气强， ought to语气最强。一般情况下should与 ought to可通用。
例1：你最好立即去那里。 You had better go there at once. 例2：你应该努力工作。 You ought to / should work hard.
例2： 她不应该浪费时间。 She oughtn't to waste time.
（二）一般疑问句 had better, should, ought to用于一般疑 问句时，分别将had, should, ought提至 句首。 例1： 他最好立即出发吗？
Had he better start early at once? 例2：你应该这么做吗？
❖ A．discuss B．discussing C．to discuss D．discussed
❖ 5．You ought to ___D____ him, but you didn’t.
❖ A．help B．helped C．helping D．have helped
Should you do like this? 例3： 他应该去那里吗？
Ought he to go there?
（三）反意疑问句
陈述句谓语动词含 had better, should, ought to时，反意疑问句 为：had, should与ought+主格人称代词或 hadn‘t, shouldn’t, oughtn‘t+主格人称代词。 例1：你最好别回家，是吗？
➢巩 固 练 习
1.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I _B___ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. shouldn’t have eaten