合同中常用词语解释
(Explanations to Commonly-used words and Expressions in Contracts)
1.“here+介词”所构成的合成词，如：hereafter（此后），hereby（特此，兹），
herein（此中，于此），hereinafter（在下文中），hereof（关于这一点，在本文中），hereto （于此，至此），heretofore（在此之前，前此），hereupon（就在此刻），herewith（于此一道，随函附上）等。在这类合成词中，here相当于this，因此，hereafter = after this，hereto = to this，herewith = with this，余类推。请看下面例句：
a)Example forms for the letter of Invitation and Instructions to Tenderers are reproduced
hereafter, for use with any of the three Books.
下文复制了邀请函和投标人须知范例格式，供三本合同条件中的任何一本使
用。
b)Whereas Party B and Party A have entered into this Contract for the installation of Party
A’s air-conditioning equipment, the Parties here to do hereby agree as follows. 鉴于乙
方与甲方订立合同，为甲方安装空调设备，双方达成如下协议。the Parties here to =
the Parties to this contract:合同双方。
c)We enclose herewith a soft copy of this document.
随信附上本文件的软拷贝。Herewith = with this letter:随本信
2.“there+介词”所构成的合成词，如：thereafter（此后，其后，据此），thereby
（因此，从而，由此；借此；在那附近），therefor（为此，因此，因之），therefrom（从哪里，从哪一点，从其中，从此），therein（在其中；在那件事情上，在哪一点上），thereinafter（在下文中，一下），thereof（其，其中；它的），thereon（在其上，就此），thereto（加于[协议]等之上，随附），thereunder（在其下；依照），thereupon（因此，关于此事；随即，随后），therewith（以此，与此；立刻，随即；同时，又）等。在这类合成词中，there相当于that，因此，thereafter = after that，thereto = to that，therewith = with that，余类推。请看下面例句：
a)The Drawings shall remain in the sole custody of Engineer, but two copies there of shall
be provided to the Contractor free of charge.
图纸应由工程师单独保管，但应免费为承包商提供两套图纸的复印件。Two
copies thereof = two copies of the Drawings.
b)The several documents forming the Contractor are to be taken as mutually explanatory
of one another, but in case of ambiguities or discrepancies the same shall be explained
and adjusted by the Engineer who shall thereupon issue to the Contractor instructions
thereon and in such event, unless otherwise provided in the Contract, the priority of
the documents forming the Contract shall be as follows.
构成合同的几个文件应被认为是相互说明的，但在出现含混或歧义时，则工
程师应对此作出解释或校正，并应随时就此向承包商发布指令，在此情况下，
除合同另有规定外，构成合同文件的优先次序应如下。thereupon=after that:
随即，随后；thereon=on that matter:就此（事）；priority: 优先顺序；优先（权）3.“where+介词”所构成的合成词，如：whereas（而，却；鉴于），whereat
（在那儿），whereby（以…的方式；凭借；根据那个），wherefore（为什么；因此，为此），wherein（在那方面；在那儿），whereof（关于那事；关于那物），whereon（在什么上面；在那上面；因此，于是），whereto（到什么地方，向那里），whereupon（马上，不久以后；因此，于是）等。在这类合成词中，where往往相当于关系代词which，与介词一起形成“介词+关系代词”引出定语从句。因此，whereas=as which，whereat=at which，whereby=by which，余类推。请看下面例句：
a)Whereas the first Party is willing to employ the second Party and the second Party
agrees to do as the first Party’s Engineer in Najmat, it is hereby mutually agreed as
follows.
鉴于甲方同意聘请乙方，乙方愿意应聘为甲方在纳吉马特（工程）的工程师。
双方为此特达成如下协议：whereas：鉴于；hereby：由此，特此
b) A construction project contract refers to a contract whereby the contractor undertakes
the construction of the project and the contract letting party pays the cost and
remuneration.
建设工程合同是承包人进行工程建设，发包人支付价款的合同。
c)She knew whereof he spoke.她知道他在说什么。
Whereof=of what
4.Shall：用于合同语中，表示“责任”或“义务”，相当于汉语的“须”或“应，应该”
等。如：
a)The Employer shall give the Contractor right of access to, and possession of, all parts of
the Site within the time (or times) stated in the Particular Conditions.
雇主应在专用条件中规定的时间（或几个时间）内，给承包商进入和占用场
地各部分的权利。
b)The Engineer shall carry out the duties specified in the Contract.
工程师须履行合同规定的职责。
5.should: should在合类文件中常用以引出省略了if的非真实条件句，但后面主句的
谓语动词却不用虚拟语气的would do形式，而是用shall do等陈述形式，表示假设的条件虽然发生的可能性不大，但已经发生则必须承担主句所表达的后果。如：
a)Should the Letter of Credit fail to reach the Seller before the stipulated date, the
Contract shall be considered as null and void unless extension is approved by the Seller.
(= If the Letter of Credit should fail to reach the Seller before the stipulated date, …) 如果买方未能再规定日期内将信用证开具给卖方，则本合同无效，但经卖方
同意延期者除外。
b)Should the Contractor not attend, or neglect or omit to send such representative, then
the measurement made by the Engineer or approved by him shall be taken to be the
correct measurement of such part of the Works.
如果承包商不参加，或疏忽或遗忘而未派这样的代表参加，则由工程师进行
的或由他批准的测量应被视为对工程该部分的正确测量。
6.notwithstanding: prep. 尽管，虽然
a)Notwithstanding the terms of this Clause or any other Clause of the Contract no
amount will be certified by the Engineer for payment until the performance security, if
required under the Contract, has been provided by the contractor and approved by the
employer.
尽管有本条款或任何其他合同条款的规定，在承包商提交履约保证（如果合
同有要求的话）并经雇主批准前，工程师不对任何款额支付出具证书。
b)Notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract, if the Contractor intends to claim
any additional payment pursuant to any Clause of these Conditions or otherwise, he
shall give notice of his intention to the Engineer, with a copy to the Employer, within 28
days after the event giving rise to the claim has first arisen.
尽管本合同有任何其他规定，如果承包商根据本条件的任何条款或其他有关
规定要求得到任何追加付款的时，都在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后的28
天之内，将索赔意向通知工程师，同时通知副本提交雇主。
7.subject to: 须经过；有待于；依照，依据，以…为准；以…为条件，受…的支配
（约束或影响）
a)The arrangement is made subject to the approval of the Engineer.
这项安排要经过工程师的批准才能成立。
b)The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the following goods subject to the following
conditions.
卖方特依据以下条件从卖方订购如下列货品，或买方向卖方订购下列货品，
条件如下。
c)This guarantee is subject to Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees, published as
number 458 by the International Chamber of Commerce, except as stated above.
本保函除上述要求外，还应受国际商会出版的编号为458的“即付保函统一
规则”的约束。
d)Where the Contract provides for payment in whole or in part to be made to the
Contractor in foreign currency or currencies, such payment shall not be subject to
variations in the rate or rates of exchange between such specified foreign currency or
currencies and the currency of the country in which the Works are to be executed.
如果合同规定将全部或部分款额以一种或几种外币支付给承包商，则此项支
付不应受上述的一种或几种外币与施工所在国货币之间的汇率变化的影响。
Provide for：规定
e)This offer is subject to our confirmation. If you find it acceptable, let us have your reply
as soon as possible.
本报价以我方确认为准。如果你放认可接受，请尽早函告我方。
8.without prejudice to：在不损害…的前提下，在不影响…的情况下
a)Without prejudice to the foregoing rights, we request and urgent meeting to discuss
this problem.
在不影响上述权利的情况下，我们要求召开一次紧急会议讨论这个问题。
b)The provision, use and refund of the deposits shall be without prejudice to the ultimate
liability of the contributing parties.
保证金的提供、使用和退还，不影响各方最终的分摊责任。
9.unless otherwise：除非
unless otherwise specified/stipulated/provided：除非另有规定
unless otherwise stated：除非另有说明
unless otherwise agreed：除非另有协议
a)Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, the supplied Goods shall be packed by
standard protective measures.
除非合同另有规定，对供应的货物应采用标准保护措施进行包装。
b)However, unless otherwise agreed by both Parties, the Engineer shall not delegate the
authority to determine any matter in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations].
然而，如果双方没有另外的协议，工程师不得授权他人按第3.5款[确定]的规
定去确定任何事物。
10.except otherwise：（=unless otherwise）除非
Except where otherwise provided by the Contract, the Contractor shall not
subcontract any part of the Works without the prior consent of the Engineer.
除合同另有规定外，未经工程师的实现统一，承包商不得将工程的任何部分分包
出去。
11.in witness whereof：用于合同的结尾条款，而且经常全部以答谢形式出现，
意思相当于，“特此证明”或“以资证明”。如：
IN WITNESS WEREOF, this Contract is signed in Kuwait City by duly authorized
representatives of both Parties hereto on the first above-mentioned date.
本合同由被双方正当授权之人，在科威特城于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人签
订，特此证明。
12.Know all men by these presents that…: 经常一大些的形式出现
在正式文书的开头，为达到强调或醒目的作用，采用的是倒装玉虚，正常语序是：All men know by these presents that…意思相当于汉语的：“根据本文件，特此宣布”、“…特此证明”；by these presents（根据本文件）是法律术语。如：
a)KNOW ALL MEN BY PRESENTS:
This AGREEMENT has been entered into by and among the following college and
university libraries hereunder listed. 根据本文件，特此宣布：本协议由以下各
学院和大学的图书馆签订。
b)Know All Men by these presents that we, the ABC Bank having our registered office at
(hereinafter called the Bank) will be bound unto the Employer, in the Sum of for
which payment well and truly to be made to the Employer, the Bank will bind himself,
his successors and assigns by these presents.
根据本文件，兹宣布，我行，ABC银行，其注册地点在（以下称“银行”），
向业主李月担保支付的保证金。本保证书对银行及其继承人和受让人均
具有约束力。
13.including but not limited to: 包括，但不限于
The Contractor shall assume full and exclusive liability for payment of all taxes, duties,
levies, fiscal constributions and other charges, including but not limited to withholding
taxes, personal income taxes, property taxes, capital gains taxes, Value Added Taxes,
pensions, insurance contributions, turnover or sales taxes and all corporate taxes, as
may be imposed on Contractor, and/or its personnel in connection with this Contract.
承包商应完全承担所有的税款、关税、派税、财政支出以及其他费用，包括但不
限于代扣税款、个人所得税、财产税、资本收益税、增值税、养老金、保险金、
营业额或销售税以及可能向承包商和（或）与本合同有关的承包商人员征收的所
有公司税。
14.provide that：有两个含义①（=if）如果；条件是（这种情况下也可用providing
that）；②（=It is provided that）规定，但规定，但是
a)Provided (that) there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. = Providing (that)
there is no opposition…
如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会。
b)At the expiration of this Agreement, the parties may negotiate a renewal or extension
of the term, provided that the Party B is in full compliance with this Agreement at that
time.
本协议到期前，双方可以协商延长协议期限，但条件是，届时乙方完全符合
本协议的条件。
c)Instructions given by the Engineer shall be in writing, provided that if for any reason
the Engineer considers it necessary to give any such instruction orally, the Contractor
shall comply with such instruction.
工程师应以书面形式发出指令；但规定，如果由于某种原因，工程师认为必
须以口头形式发出任何此指令，承包商应遵照执行。
15.undersigned: （本）文末签名者
a)We, the undersigned, agree to these arrangements.
我们，文末签名人，同意这些安排。
b)At the undersigned persons are bound by the contract.
所有文末签名人均受此合同约束。
16.at one’s sole discretion (或at the sole discretion of sb.)：由某人自行决定，
按照某人的意见（办事）
a)The consent, notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Clause 1.5, shall be at the sole
discretion of the Employer.
尽管有1.5条款的规定，内容也应由雇主自行决定。
b)The engineer may, at the sole discretion of the Employer, issue a Test Certificate for any
part of the Works.
在雇主的决定下，工程师可以为部分工程颁发测试证书。
17.accordingly：相应地，按照…所说的或发生的（去做）
a)However, of the recipient gives notice of another address, communications shall
thereafter be delivered accordingly.
然而，如果接收人告知了另外地址，则以后的信件必须按所给的（新）地址
发送。此处，accordingly=according to the address stated in the notice.
b)Please inform us of your decision and we will act accordingly.
请把你们的决定通知我们，我们会照办的。Accordingly=according to your
decision.
18.as the case may be：视情况而定，根据具体情况
The advance payment shall be recovered at 5% or 10% as the case may be each month
from the amount of each monthly payment paid to the Contractor with effect from
the first monthly payment.
预付款应按5%或10%的比例（视情况而定），从支付给承包商的月付款中收回，
自首次月付款起执行。
19.to the extent that：达到这样的程度（或范围）；结果，从而；在这样的范围
内；在这样的条件下，如果
To the extent that full compensation for any rise or fall in Costs is not covered by the
provisions of this or other Clauses, the Accepted Contract Amount shall be deemed to
have included amounts to cover the contingency of other rises and falls in costs.
如果本款或其他条款的规定未能包括对各种成本的任何涨落进行补充补偿，中标
合同金额应被视为已包括了其他成本不可预见的涨落费用。
20.save：（=except）：prep. /conj. 除了…以外；只是
a)We have repaired all the loaders save one.
除了一台没修以外，其他所有的装载机我们都修好了。（=except）
b)The screen was all dark save for one bright spot.
除了一点灯光外，屏幕上一片黑暗。（=except for）
c) A similar timetable has been adopted, save that the morning break is shorter.
采用的时间表答题相同，只是早上的休息时间缩短了。（=except that：只是）
d)Save as aforesaid, words or expressions contained in this Attachment shall bear the
same meanings as in the Agreement.
除了上述情况而外，本附件中所用之词语或表述与协议中的词语或表述意思
相同。（Save在此句中用作连词）
21.less：在合同文本中，经常当介词来使用，意思是：减去、扣除，不计。如：
less retention and previous payments 减去保留金和以前的付款；to pay the total
amount less tax 支付扣除税款以外的总额
The accountant gave me 1,000 US dollars, less 50 dollars for food.
会计发给我1000美元，扣除了50美元伙食费（实际发给950美元）。
22.for the purpose of：就…而言
For the purpose of the Contract, the Commencement Date of the Works shall be My 8,
2007.
就本合同而言，工程的开工日期应是2007年5月8日。
23.the same：只待前面所描述的“物”或“事”。如：
a)The Engineer shall, from time to time, have authority to issue to the Contractor such
supplementary drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the proper and
adequate execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects
therein.
工程师应有权随时向承包商发出为合理和恰当施工、竣工以及修补工程缺陷
所必须的补充图纸和指示。承包商应遵照执行并受其约束。
句中的the same 指代的是前面所述的supplementary drawings and
instructions.
b)This Plant and Materials shall become the property of (and be at the risk of) the
Employer when paid for by the Employer, and the Contractor shall place the same at
the Employer’s disposal.
此类设备和材料，在雇主为之付款后，就应该成为雇主的财产（雇主亦为之
承担风险），承包商则应将其交由业主处置。句中的the same指代的是this
Plant and Materials.
英文合同合同常用词 第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1) 当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对 合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍： 一、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words） 1．Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则：Here 代表this，there 代表that，where 代表which 或what 即here/there/where+介词=介词 +this/that/which or what Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。 例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods
subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下： Herein：in this。此中，于此。 例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权 使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与to be referred to as, referred as, called 连 用。 例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方 签订。
英文合同常用词、短语和句型 1.订立、变更合同 动词 Make a contract / Enter into / form / create / conclude / execute /covenant 名词 the making of / the conclusion of a contract / the entry into contract / the formation of / the creation of / the conclusion of / the execution of a contract / covenant This agreement/contract is made and entered into 8th of August, 2008 by and between Party A and Party B. 2.合同的终止、解除、撤销 terminate a contract 通常指合同在约定期满前终止履行，可双方同意而作出，也指一方因另一方违约而行使的一种救济权。美国“终止”指合同各方未违反合同约定而依法终止合同。 cancel a contact 因另一方违约而解除合同，其效力基本等同于terminate，不同是撤销方仍有权对整个合同或中未履行部分主张救济。 discharge a contract 合同当事人的合同关系已终止。 rescind a contract 免除当事人之间的合同义务，将当事人各自地位恢复到合同订立之前状态。 revoke a contract 即以取消或撤回的方式废止或宣布无效。出于行为人的意愿，即主动发出的行为。
英文合同常用词汇和句型 1、开场白（合同的当事人背景介绍） 2、过渡条款 Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described herein-after, Party A and Party B agree as follows: 参考译文：因此，双方基于各自提供之对价订立本合同，并做如下约定： 注释和说明:”in consideration of premises and covenants”表示“在当事人提供的对价基础上”而非仅指“考虑到…”。读者应重点理解“premise”这个词。在一般场合下它是指与房屋相关的基础不动产或处所，但是在英文合同里边它却变成了“前提条件”。 3、结尾条款： IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above. 参考译文：本合同由被正当授权之人，于本协议于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人订立，特此证明。 注释和说明： （1）“in witness whereof”的含义类似于中文合同中常见的“口说无凭，立此为证”。 （2）“execute”在英文合同中常解为“签署”，而非“执行”。 4、favor, “in favor of somebody”= ”in one’s favor”的意思主要有两种： 以某人为受益人、有利于某人 5、subject to sth. 1) 遵从、遵守： This letter of Credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1983 Revision), international Chamber of commerce, Publication No.400. 2) 根据（法律、法规、合同） 3) 作动词用，意思是“服从于…”，“率属于…”，“使经受…” 4) 办理、存在。 5、Without prejudice to “在不损坏……”。 6、Any person who does... shall …表示任何做某人之人应。 7、For the purpose of “就……而言”。 8、Provided that 但是 9、Notwithstanding “即使，表示一种让步”。 10、in question “表示该” 11、including but not limited to “包括但不限于” 12、常理解为“有权利做某事” 1）have the right to do 2）be entitled to do 3）do sth. at one’s option or/ and discretion 4）have the authority to do 13、合同英语中“因为”的表达方法 1）owing to 2）attributable to 3）due to 4）in view of 5）by virtue of 14、notify sb. Of sth. in writing: 书面通知某人某事 15、in lieu of: 替代 16、关联企业： 1）affiliate: 广义上的具有法人人格的子公司，只要有参股关系即可，常翻译为“关联公司”
英文合同常用词汇 第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1) 当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对 合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍： 一、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words） 1．Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则：Here 代表this，there 代表that，where 代表which 或what 即here/there/where+介词=介词 +this/that/which or what Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。 例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下： Herein：in this。此中，于此。 例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权 使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与to be referred to as, referred as, called 连 用。 例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方 签订。 Hereof：of this。关于此点，在本文件中。 Hereunder：under this. 本文件规定。 例句：Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合
常见英文合同翻译与详解
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，
1、开场白（合同的当事人背景介绍） 2、过渡条款 Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described herein-after, Party A and Party B agree as follows: 参考译文：因此，双方基于各自提供之对价订立本合同，并做如下约定： 注释和说明:”in consideration of premises and covenants”表示“在当事人提供的对价基础上”而非仅指“考虑到…”。读者应重点理解“premise”这个词。在一般场合下它是指与房屋相关的基础不动产或处所，但是在英文合同里边它却变成了“前提条件”。 3、结尾条款： IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above. 参考译文：本合同由被正当授权之人，于本协议于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人订立，特此证明。 注释和说明： （1）“in witness whereof”的含义类似于中文合同中常见的“口说无凭，立此为证”。 （2）“execute”在英文合同中常解为“签署”，而非“执行”。 4、 favor, “ in favor of somebody”= ”in one’s favor”的意思主要有两种： 以某人为受益人、有利于某人 5、subject to sth. 1) 遵从、遵守： This letter of Credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1983 Revision), international Chamber of commerce, Publication . 2) 根据（法律、法规、合同） 3) 作动词用，意思是“服从于…”，“率属于…”，“使经受…” 4) 办理、存在。 5、 Without prejudice to “在不损坏……”。 6、 Any person who does... shall …表示任何做某人之人应。 7、 For the purpose of “就……而言”。 8、 Provided that 但是
合同条款常用英文词汇 买方 buyer 卖方 seller 项目名称 Project name 地址 address 电话 phone 传真 fax 联系人 contact person 本合同由买卖双方签订，依照本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。 This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the buyers agree to buy and the selle rs agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities accor ding to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 1. 详细物资清单 Detail supply list 2. 合同价格 Contract value 序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size, dimension 数量 amou nt, unit 单价 unit price 总价 total price 备注 remark
物资，运费 freight, transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金） Contract amount incl. VAT installation 3. 付款条件 payment conditions, payment terms 4. 交货地点 delivery place 5. 发货期 delivery time 6. 安装条款 installation clause 7. 验收条款 inspection clause 8. 保证条款 guarantee clause 9. 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause 10. 违约条款 Breach clause 11. 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause 12. 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information 此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。This contract is ma de in two originals that should be held by each party.涉外合同格式 涉外合同按繁简不同，尽管能够采取不同书面形式，如正式合同（Contract）、协议书（Agreement）、确认书（Confirma tion）、备忘录（Memorandum）、订单（Order）等等，然而一般都包含如下几个部分：
英文合同翻译常用 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。 例3： This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on (Date), in (Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation. 注释：
英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words） 1．Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则：Here代表this，there代表that，where代表which或what即here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or what Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。 例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下： Herein：in this。此中，于此。 例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。 例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。 Hereof：of this关于此点，在本文件中。Hereunder：under this. 本文件规定。 例句：Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合同双方就本合同规定交易任一条款的适用和解释所产生的所有争议同意力求通过友好协商予以解决。 Hereto：to this.本文件的。Thereof：of that.它的，其。Thereto：to that 与之，向那里。例句：“Licensed Products”means the devices and products described in Schedule 1 annexed hereto together with all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto. “特许产品”系指在本协议附件1中所述的装置和产品，及其全部改进和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。 Herewith：with this.与此，附此。Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，从而 例句：In any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any document executed in connection herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected thereby.如果根据现行法律，本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行，本合同其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。 Thereafter: after that，afterwards.此后。 例句：The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period o two years thereafter.本合作经营企业合同，此后应持续有效两年。
英文合同合同常用词
英文合同合同常用词 第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1) 当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对 合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍： 一、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words） 1． Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则：Here 代表 this，there 代表 that，where 代表 which 或what 即 here/there/where+介词=介词
+this/that/which or what Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。 例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下： Herein：in this。此中，于此。 例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权 使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连 用。 例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between
必备条款 essential clauses / provisions 一般条款 general provisions 特殊条款special provisions 章、条、款、项、目（英文合同25） 首部 non-operative part （当事人部分 parties 陈述部分 recital） 正文 operative part 陈述部分recital (包括：鉴于条款 whereas clause和约因consideration) 尾部 closing part （证明部分 attestation 签字 signature 附件 appendix） 当事人的名称、姓名和住所 name and domicile of the parties 适格主体 competent parties 标的 contract object , subject matter 数量 quantity 质量 quality 价款或者报酬 price or remuneration 对价 consideration 履行时效、地点和方式 time limit, place and method of performance 违约责任 default / liability for breach of contract 除外规定 exception 解决争议的方法 methods to settle disputes 变更 modification 终止 termination 撤销cancellation 解除rescission 主体的变更或权利义务的整体转让 novation 通知 notice 违约责任 default / breach of contract 救济 remedies
英文合同用词及关键细节 英文合同用词及关键细节（1） 本文章共2045字，分2页，当前第1页，快速 翻页：12 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。
一?公文副詞 但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where 等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等畐U词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如： 从此以后、今后：hereafter ；此后、以后：thereafter ；在其上：there on \thereup on ; 在其下：thereunder ； 对于这个：hereto ； 对于那个：whereto ； 在上文：herein above'here in before ； 在下文：hereinafter'hereinbelow ； 在上文中、在上一部分中：there in before ；
在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter . 现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例1:本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Con tract shall come in to force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 例2:下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China. 二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语 英译商务合同时，常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如
英文合同常用词汇与句型 初步学习了英文合同的整体结构后，读者可能仍然觉得一头雾水，感觉不到对本合同结构从何处下手进行具体的解读。没有关系，读者只需要与大家一起继续阅读就会发现那些固定在英文合同结构中的术语原来都是如此的简单和易于理解。为什么呢？因为整个英文合同结构不过是一个个英文条款组成的而已，同时，其中还有大量的定型化的有很强规律可循的常用条款（即前文提到的通用条款“General Provision以及其他常见“Useful Provision ）。而且，构成这些条款的词汇、短语和句型也存在着很强的重复性。所以说掌握这些条款以及组成这些条款的常见句式和词汇，就成为攻克合同英语阅读的关键。如果读者把合同的结构比作人体的骨骼，那么这些通用及常用条款就是这些骨骼组合在一起的穴位与脉络。事实上，研究由这些条款组成的合同结构不但对高效阅读英文合同有帮助，而且对于英文合同起草能力的培养也是大有裨益的，因为这可以帮助读者在起草合同时达到结构的完整和健全，从而有效地避免合同漏洞。读者在掌握普通英语（比如通过大学英语四级考试）后进入到专业英语学习阶段时，首先遇到的障碍就是这些由平时不太熟悉的词汇与句型表达的专业含义。如果可以把英文合同结构比作“森林”，那么英文合同中常用的词汇与句型便是其中一类重要的“树木”。所以，重点研究这类专业表达的规律，是掌握英文合同阅读的一个重要技巧。本章中，读者将用两节内容训练读者对合同词汇和句型的掌握。第一节着重讲解，第二节着重练习。 第一节英文合同词汇与句型解析 法律英语难学，基本上是当代中国法律人的一个共识。难在何处呢？可能法律英语词汇的掌握就是第一只拦路虎。当我们打开英文合同时，经常会发现非常难以理解，即使是常用的合同条款中也充斥着大量的难以理解的词汇。例如下面这句话（在下文中将进一步解析） “Limits on Indemnification. No indemnification is required under Section [insert the number of the Section in which Party B agrees to indemnify Party A] until the aggregate amount of Losses [plus Litigation Expenses] exceeds [$500,000], and then only for the amount by which the aggregate amount of Indemnifiable Losses exceeds [$500,000]. 学”过法律英语的人都知道，这个句子实际上在法律英语句子中是比较短小和简单的一句，语法问题难不倒我们，难的是里面的几个关键的词汇，比如indemnification、indemnify 、Indemnifiable 、aggregate、Litigation 以及exceed如果我们知晓上面的列举的几个所谓法律英语词汇的含义分别是：补偿（名词）、补偿（动词）、补偿（形容词）、总计、诉讼、超出，那么本句就很容易理解。它的含义实际上就是指： “补偿限额。只有损失总额（加上诉讼费用）超过（$500,000）时，才能根据第（插入乙方同意补偿甲方的条款编号）条要求补偿，此时也只对可补偿费用中超过（$500, 000）的部分进行补偿。” 除了生僻的词汇以外，我们还要注意大量的我们平时熟悉但不能按照普通英语含义理解的词汇。这样的词，我们称之为“熟词生义”。这些词汇的存在也是我们必须解决的一个
英文合同常见实词(Content Words) 1．Represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee 在英文合同中这几个词都表示“保证”的含义。Represent 往往和warrant连用，出现在合同的声明保证部分： 例如：Both the Seller and the Purchaser warrant and represent that no broker was involved in negotiating this purchase and sale, and both the Seller and the Purchaser agree to indemnify and hold each other harmless against any and all claims for brokerage. 买卖双方保证并声明没有中介介入交易磋商，且保证赔偿对方因中介引起的索赔并使其免受损害。 例如：Under FOB terms, the Seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this Contract. 根据离岸价格术语，卖方应保证根据在本合同第八条规定的时限内，按买方通知的日期，装运货物至买方指定船只。 例如：Party B guarantees that the machines and equipment are unused, sophisticated and of best quality, and that the machines and equipment are capable of manufacturing the steel wire rope. 乙方保证机器设备未经使用，性能良好、品质卓越而且该设备能生产出钢丝绳。2．Principal place of business (principal office), domicile, business premise, registered office 在英文合同中，这几个词的意思分别是：“主营业地”、“住所地”、“营业场所”、“注册地”。往往出现在前言的“parties”部分。 例如：This Contract made on April 1, 19- -, at ______, China, between ABC Co. with its principal office at ______, China (hereinafter called Party A), and XYZ Co. with its principal office at______, USA (hereinafter called Party B). 本合同于19**年4月1日于中国***签订，合同双方为ABC公司（以下简称甲方），其主营业地位于中国***，和XYZ公司（以下简称乙方），其主营业地为美国***。 例如：If franchisee is declared in default of the agreement, the franchiser has the right to conclude the terms of the agreement and also has the right, without notice to execute any dutiful and authorized acts, on the business premise necessary. 如被特许方承认违约，许可方则有权终止该协议且有权未经通知在必要的营业场所采取任何尽责和授权行为。 例如：EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT is made and entered into on ________ day of _________ (month), ____ (year), by and between: _______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Company"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of ____, with its registered office located at ________________, and ______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Employee"), an individual, with nationality of _________ (Passport No._____) residing at ________________. 本聘用协议订立于*年*月*日，协议双方为***（以下本公司），其按*州法律组织设立，注册地为***，和***，自然人，国籍为*国，护照号码为***，住址为***。 例如：The Arbitration shall be conducted in the country of the domicile of the defendant. 本仲裁应在被申请人住所地的国家进行。