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英文合同中介词-连词等常用词语解释

合同中常用词语解释(Explanations to Commonly-used words and Expressions in Contracts)1.“here+介词”所构成的合成词,如:hereafter(此后),hereby(特此,兹),herein(此中,于此),hereinafter(在下文中),hereof(关于这一点,在本文中),hereto (于此,至此),heretofore(在此之前,前此),hereupon(就在此刻),herewith(于此一道,随函附上)等。

在这类合成词中,here相当于this,因此,hereafter = after this,hereto = to this,herewith = with this,余类推。

请看下面例句:a)Example forms for the letter of Invitation and Instructions to Tenderers are reproducedhereafter, for use with any of the three Books.下文复制了邀请函和投标人须知范例格式,供三本合同条件中的任何一本使用。

b)Whereas Party B and Party A have entered into this Contract for the installation of PartyA’s air-conditioning equipment, the Parties here to do hereby agree as follows. 鉴于乙方与甲方订立合同,为甲方安装空调设备,双方达成如下协议。

the Parties here to =the Parties to this contract:合同双方。

c)We enclose herewith a soft copy of this document.随信附上本文件的软拷贝。

Herewith = with this letter:随本信2.“there+介词”所构成的合成词,如:thereafter(此后,其后,据此),thereby(因此,从而,由此;借此;在那附近),therefor(为此,因此,因之),therefrom(从哪里,从哪一点,从其中,从此),therein(在其中;在那件事情上,在哪一点上),thereinafter(在下文中,一下),thereof(其,其中;它的),thereon(在其上,就此),thereto(加于[协议]等之上,随附),thereunder(在其下;依照),thereupon(因此,关于此事;随即,随后),therewith(以此,与此;立刻,随即;同时,又)等。

在这类合成词中,there相当于that,因此,thereafter = after that,thereto = to that,therewith = with that,余类推。

请看下面例句:a)The Drawings shall remain in the sole custody of Engineer, but two copies there of shallbe provided to the Contractor free of charge.图纸应由工程师单独保管,但应免费为承包商提供两套图纸的复印件。

Twocopies thereof = two copies of the Drawings.b)The several documents forming the Contractor are to be taken as mutually explanatoryof one another, but in case of ambiguities or discrepancies the same shall be explainedand adjusted by the Engineer who shall thereupon issue to the Contractor instructionsthereon and in such event, unless otherwise provided in the Contract, the priority ofthe documents forming the Contract shall be as follows.构成合同的几个文件应被认为是相互说明的,但在出现含混或歧义时,则工程师应对此作出解释或校正,并应随时就此向承包商发布指令,在此情况下,除合同另有规定外,构成合同文件的优先次序应如下。

thereupon=after that:随即,随后;thereon=on that matter:就此(事);priority: 优先顺序;优先(权)3.“where+介词”所构成的合成词,如:whereas(而,却;鉴于),whereat(在那儿),whereby(以…的方式;凭借;根据那个),wherefore(为什么;因此,为此),wherein(在那方面;在那儿),whereof(关于那事;关于那物),whereon(在什么上面;在那上面;因此,于是),whereto(到什么地方,向那里),whereupon(马上,不久以后;因此,于是)等。

在这类合成词中,where往往相当于关系代词which,与介词一起形成“介词+关系代词”引出定语从句。

因此,whereas=as which,whereat=at which,whereby=by which,余类推。

请看下面例句:a)Whereas the first Party is willing to employ the second Party and the second Partyagrees to do as the first Party’s Engineer in Najmat, it is hereby mutually agreed asfollows.鉴于甲方同意聘请乙方,乙方愿意应聘为甲方在纳吉马特(工程)的工程师。

双方为此特达成如下协议:whereas:鉴于;hereby:由此,特此b) A construction project contract refers to a contract whereby the contractor undertakesthe construction of the project and the contract letting party pays the cost andremuneration.建设工程合同是承包人进行工程建设,发包人支付价款的合同。

c)She knew whereof he spoke.她知道他在说什么。

Whereof=of what4.Shall:用于合同语中,表示“责任”或“义务”,相当于汉语的“须”或“应,应该”等。

如:a)The Employer shall give the Contractor right of access to, and possession of, all parts ofthe Site within the time (or times) stated in the Particular Conditions.雇主应在专用条件中规定的时间(或几个时间)内,给承包商进入和占用场地各部分的权利。

b)The Engineer shall carry out the duties specified in the Contract.工程师须履行合同规定的职责。

5.should: should在合类文件中常用以引出省略了if的非真实条件句,但后面主句的谓语动词却不用虚拟语气的would do形式,而是用shall do等陈述形式,表示假设的条件虽然发生的可能性不大,但已经发生则必须承担主句所表达的后果。

如:a)Should the Letter of Credit fail to reach the Seller before the stipulated date, theContract shall be considered as null and void unless extension is approved by the Seller.(= If the Letter of Credit should fail to reach the Seller before the stipulated date, …) 如果买方未能再规定日期内将信用证开具给卖方,则本合同无效,但经卖方同意延期者除外。

b)Should the Contractor not attend, or neglect or omit to send such representative, thenthe measurement made by the Engineer or approved by him shall be taken to be thecorrect measurement of such part of the Works.如果承包商不参加,或疏忽或遗忘而未派这样的代表参加,则由工程师进行的或由他批准的测量应被视为对工程该部分的正确测量。

6.notwithstanding: prep. 尽管,虽然a)Notwithstanding the terms of this Clause or any other Clause of the Contract noamount will be certified by the Engineer for payment until the performance security, ifrequired under the Contract, has been provided by the contractor and approved by theemployer.尽管有本条款或任何其他合同条款的规定,在承包商提交履约保证(如果合同有要求的话)并经雇主批准前,工程师不对任何款额支付出具证书。

b)Notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract, if the Contractor intends to claimany additional payment pursuant to any Clause of these Conditions or otherwise, heshall give notice of his intention to the Engineer, with a copy to the Employer, within 28days after the event giving rise to the claim has first arisen.尽管本合同有任何其他规定,如果承包商根据本条件的任何条款或其他有关规定要求得到任何追加付款的时,都在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后的28天之内,将索赔意向通知工程师,同时通知副本提交雇主。

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