母猪营养和饲养管理
Feeding the Reproductive Female 繁育母猪的饲喂
Laura L. Greiner, PhD 劳拉·格雷纳博士 Carthage Innovative Swine Solutions, LLC 美国迦太基公司
Discussion Today 讨论话题
• We will discuss我们将讨论:
• Adjust lactation diets during summer months 夏季调整哺乳期饮食
– Increase nutrient density 提升养份浓度 – Consider higher fat supplementation 考虑更高脂肪补充 – Additional products to improve feed intake 附加产品以提升进食量
13 g/d 10 g/d SID Lysine intake
赖氨酸摄入
N retained (g/d)
35
32.85 26.50
31.40
氮贮留, 克每天
30
N retained (g/d)
25 20 15 10 5 0 10 g/d 14 g/d 17 g/d SID Lysine intake 21 g/d
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Body Condition 体况
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Similar Body Condition Outside – But Very Different Inside 相似的外部体况—但内部差异很大
Courtesy of PIC Nutrition Handbook
Importance of Body Condition 身体状况的重要性
• Shoulder sores 肩部疼痛 • Increase feed cost post-wean 断奶后饲料花费增加
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怀孕期平均日采食量
怀孕期平均日采食量
CISS Unpublished data
Importance of Body Condition 身体状况的重要性
• Good lactation feeding begins in gestation 良好的哺乳喂饲开始于孕期
– Organic trace minerals, Vitamin E, Biotin 有机微量元素,维生素E,生物素
• Hoof development 蹄发育 • Immune status 免疫状态
– Pyroxidine & Folic acid 吡哆醇和叶酸
• Embryo survivability 胚胎存活率 • Reproductive performance 繁育表现
Gestation 孕期
分娩前建议体重
体重, 公斤
胎次
Data extrapolated from PIC information 数据来源为PIC信息
7
Gestation孕期
Feeding program 喂养方案: – Weaning until breeding 断奶至配种 • Typically 3.6 kg or more 通常至少3.6kg • Feed at least twice a day 至少每天喂两次 – First week after breeding 配种后第一周 • 1.8 kg a day 每天1.8kg • Then feed to improve body condition (2.27-3.18 kg/day) 之后喂养提高身体状况 (2.27-3.18kg/日) – After pregnancy confirmed 确定怀孕后 • Second evaluation of body condition 第二次身体状况评估 • 2.27-3.18 kg – Two weeks prior to farrowing 分娩前两周 • Increase feed by 0.9 kg unless body condition is sufficient 除非身体情况充分,增 加0.9kg饲料 – 112 days of gestation 112天孕龄 • Reduce feed to 1.8 kg a day until farrowing 减少饲料至每天1.8kg/直到分娩
Gilt Development
后备猪培育 • Don’t overcrowd 不要过度拥挤 • Allow adequate feeder and water space for pen 围栏中留充足料槽和饮水空间 • Implement phase feeding program and feed for growth and bone development 执行阶段喂养方案以促进生长和骨骼发育
16.37
c
d
e
de
Srichana et al., 2007
赖氨酸摄入
Sponsored by PIC and Ajinomoto 由PCI和Ajinomoto赞助
• Intake goals should be 摄入目标应为:
– – – –
Targets for Gestation Diet 孕期进食目标
Feed intake - 1.8-2.3 kg/d 采食—1.8-2.3kg/日 Metabolizeable energy – 3300 kcal/kg, 可代谢能量——3300kcal/kg Total calcium (% of diet) – 0.80-0.85%, 总钙(饮食%)—0.80-0.85% Total phosphorus (% of diet) – 0.65-0.70%, 总磷(饮食%)—0.650.70% – Available phosphorus (% of diet) – 0.40%, 可吸收磷(饮食%)— 0.40% – Digestible lysine – 7-16 g/day , 可消化赖氨酸—7-16g/日
40.0 Relative Frequency (%) 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0
Ind. Pig Wts in Kg Trt 1 (0 Kg)– 1.312 Trt 2 (.9 Kg)– 1.388 Trt 3 (1.8 Kg)– 1.438
Weight Intervals (Kgs)
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Unpublished data, ISS
767 Actual PWM 实际断奶后死 亡率 Expected PWM based on Birth Weight 根据体出生体重预期断奶后死亡率
Lactation 哺乳期
19பைடு நூலகம்
General Lactation Nutrition 一般哺乳期营养
• (based on parity and stage of gestation) 以胎次和怀孕阶段为基础
Targets based on 2012 Nutrient requirements of swine and 2010 Swine Nutrition Guide 目标以2012猪营养需求和2010猪营养指南为基础
– Total calcium (0.60%), Total phosphorus (0.53%), Available phosphorus (0.35%) 总钙(0.60%),总磷(0.53%),可吸收磷(0.35%)
• Bone structure 骨骼结构
Gilt Development 后备猪培育
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Targets for Lactation Diet 哺乳期饮食目标
• Intake goals should be采食目标应为:
– Feed intake – 5.5-6.7 kg/d, 采食—5.5-6.7kg/日 – Metabolizeable energy – 3300 kcal/kg, 可代谢能量— 3300kcal/kg – Total calcium (% of diet) – 0.80-0.85%, 总钙(饮食%)—0.800.85% – Total phosphorus (% of diet) – 0.70-0.75%, 总磷(饮食%)— 0.70-0.75% – Available phosphorus (% of diet) – 0.40%, 可吸收磷(饮食 %)—0.40% – Digestible lysine – 58-63 g/day , 可消化赖氨酸58-63 g/日
• Manage gilts with care 精心护理后备猪 • Vaccinate at timely intervals 定期免疫 • Full feed – 3.2 kg a day 全饲料——每天3.2kg • Breed at 136 kg 136kg配种
• Vitamin/Trace mineral mix - Not a Finishing Pig 维生素、微量元素混合物—不是育肥猪
– Gilt development 后备猪培育 – Feeding the gestating sow 怀孕母猪饲养 – Feeding the lactating sow 哺乳期母猪饲养 – Management of the newly weaned sow 新断奶母 猪管理
2
Gilt Development 后备猪培育
总量区间 (公斤)
Birth Weight and PWM 出生体重和断奶后死亡率
Weight (kg) 体重 .5-.68 .73-.91 .92-1.14 1.15-1.36 1.37-1.59 1.60-1.82 >1.82 # Head 头数 13 52 135 172 182 147 66 PWM 断奶后死亡率 76% 48% 25% 14% 12% 9% 7% # Dead 死亡数 10 25 33 24 21 14 5 132 17% 17%