Government 政府职能类regulatory bodies/authorities 监管部门rules and regulations 规章制度impose a ban on sth 颁布……的禁令impose (additional financial) burdens on sb/sth 给……带来（额外的经济）负担should abolish sth. 废除should implement sth. 实施put sth. into effect 付诸实施suffer (no) ill effects （未）受到不利影响be high on the government’s agenda 高度重视place a high value on sth 非常重视economic/electoral/constitutional reform 经济／选举／宪法改革translate sth into action 化……为行动introduce tougher measures to (combat crime) 采取更严厉的措施（防止犯罪）the government’s laxity (松懈) in sthcounteract sth. 抵消（不利影响）countermeasures 对抗措施a recurring problem 反复发生的问题a short-sighted policy 目光短浅的政策the government’s short-sightedness 政府目光短浅have the authority to do sth 有权力做某事formulate policies/plans/strategies 制定政策／构想计划／规划战略have a monopoly on sth 垄断……be entitled to sth/be entitled to do sth 有权利／有资格……national defence 国防safeguard sb’s interests/rights/welfare 维护某人的利益／权利／福祉（幸福健康）arms race 军备竞赛a government grant 政府拨款budget deficit 预算赤字government spending/ expenditure 政府开支relieve poverty 减轻贫困subsidise sth 补贴trade barriers 贸易壁垒free trade [U] 自由贸易socially underprivileged groups 社会上处于弱势地位的群体charitable organizations 慈善组织health insurance 医疗保险insurance premiums /'priːmɪəm/ 保险费international aid 国际援助interest-free loans 无息贷款improve relations between countries 改善国与国的关系a chronic (unemployment) problem 长期（失业）问题a chronic housing shortage 长期住房短缺30, 34, 35pass a new law 通过一项新法律introduce new legislation 颁布新法规bring in/introduce regulations 实施条例adhere to (safety) standards 坚持（安全）标准comply with the law 守法have an obligation (to do sth) 有义务（做某事）carry out a risk assessment 进行风险评估in breach of the law 违法minimise danger to sb 将对某人的危害减少到最低限度satisfy the requirements of sth 满足……的要求arrive at/reach an agreement 达成协议absolutely essential 极其重要的seek permission to do sth/be granted permission to do sth 申请批准／得到批准put in an application for (permission to be given) 递交申请（批准）the proposal is approved 通过提议obtain permission from/for/of 获得……的批准tighten controls of/over sth 加强对……的控制infringe the regulations 违反法规faceless bureaucrats 千人一面的官僚in a position of authority 掌权cut through the amount of red tape 减少繁文缛节approve a plan to do sth 通过了……计划flout the rules 无视法律exercise authority 行使权力address the issues (of sth) 设法解决……问题a force for good/change = a positive force 积极的推动力／变革的推动力a novel solution = a new and original solution 新颖的解决方法provide relief 提供救援fresh drive = new effort 新的驱动力make a plea (= an urgent and emotional request) for 恳求break the cycle of = bring a stop to a negative pattern of behavior 打破……的循环law and order break down 治安陷入瘫痪riots erupt 骚乱爆发public disorder 骚乱the social fabric = social structure 社会结构run-down (= in a very bad condition) areas 破败不堪的地区antisocial behavior 反社会行为underage /'ʌndəreɪdʒ/ drinking未成年饮酒dysfunctional /dis'fʌŋkʃənəl/ families 有缺陷家庭a single-parent family 单亲家庭low-income families 低收入家庭provide shelter 提供庇护所poor sanitary /'sænɪtərɪ/ conditions 糟糕的卫生条件be unfit for human habitation /hæbɪ'teɪʃən/ 不适合人类居住affordable housing 买得起（租金低廉）的住房incite violence 唆使暴力introduce neighbourhood watch schemes 推行邻里守望制度（即邻居定期相互照看住宅，防止犯罪）possess /pə'zes/ an illegal substance 携带非法物品claim benefits (= financial support from the state) 领取救济金curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀rampant /'ræmpənt/ inflation 失控的通货膨胀in the current economic climate 在当期经济形势下the strength of the (US) economy （美国的）经济实力interest rates 利率invest for the long-term 长远投资(safely) steer the economy （平稳）调控经济uninterrupted economic growth 持续的经济增长stimulate growth 刺激增长industry is thriving 工业蓬勃发展steady growth 平稳增长increase output 提高产量the plummeting profits (= rapidly falling profits) 暴跌的利润receive real value for money 获得真正实惠public spending 公共开支extend opportunity 增加机会tackle social exclusion 解决社会排斥问题（指人们受失业、犯罪和住房条件差等多种问题困扰）levy (heavy) taxes on 征（重）税impose/introduce a levy on sth 对……征税allocate resources to sb/sth 将资源分配给……meet with (considerable) success 取得（巨大）成功build on the success = develop previous success 以先前的成功为基础a thriving industry 兴盛的行业thriving black economy 蓬勃发展的黑市经济（为避税暗中进行的商业活动）if left unchecked 如果不加制止leave inflation unchecked 不控制通货膨胀(the issue of) undeclared earnings 未申报收入（问题）push up costs 增加成本rising unemployment 上升的失业率impose heavy/hefty fine on 处以巨额罚款the government’s corruption, police abuses and inability to provide jobs 政府腐败、无力提供就业岗位和警察滥用职权the swelling population 人口膨胀tourism and foreign investment dry up 旅游业和外来投资逐渐枯竭amid political uncertainty 在政治动荡中gasoline shortages 汽油短缺food prices climb 食品价格上涨afford the cost of hospital treatment 负担得起医疗费spark clashes 引发冲突long-term prospects for the economy 长期的经济前景come/rise to power 上台power-hungry politicians 渴望权力的政客a bitter power struggle 激烈的权力斗争growing pains 发展初期的困难call a election 举行选举resign from office 辞去职务。