• __S_e_e_n___ (see)from the window, a big tree can be seen.
(2)V—ing 所表示的动作与谓语表示的动作几乎同时发生。 如果分词表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前，则用 动词V—ing 形式的完成式（ having done）
eg. Writing the letter ,he left out something important.
be equal to 胜任的、等于
• point to指向、表明
see to 注意、处理
• be used to 习惯于 devote oneself to 献身于
• be familiar to 为……熟悉
• 一些固定的-ing分词短语，如 • generally speaking（一般来说）, • judging from…（根据……来判断）, • considering…（考虑到……）, • talking of…（谈到……，提到……）等等
• ⑤-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语 • 如果你站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。 • Standing at the foot of a high mountain，you
will find himself very small. • 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
• Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
1.I cannot understand _____ such a well-paid job.
A. him to give up
B. him to have given up
• ==》 They stood there for half an hour and watch the stars in the sky.
• 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。
• Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
4. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
--ing分词做状语： • -ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、
条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 • ①-ing分词短语作时间状语，有时可由连词when,
while引出。如：
• Be careful while/when crossing the road. • 当看到那些画，她想起了她的童年。
A.an underground lake was discovered B.there was an underground lake discovered C.a lake was discovered underground. D.the workers discovered an underground lake
• Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. ==》When she saw ------
• ②-ing分词短语作原因状语，
• Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
• ==》Although they knew all this , they made me pay for the damage.
注:(1) 分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致。
V--ing表主动或进行,--ed 表完成或被动.
• _L_o_o_k_in_g_(look)out of the window ,we can see a big tree.
C.Having lost D.Losing
12—Why do you stand and watch the milk__D_over?
---Oh,sorry.I was thinking of ___to the zoo.
A.boiling;taken B.boiled;taking
C.boiled;being taken D.boiling;being taken
分词作状语
1.European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most
popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes
C. made
D. to make
2.____ a reply, he decided to write again.
C.Having written carelessly
D.Being written carelessly
6.__B__several times,the young scientist still kept
On making his experiments. A.Having been failed B.Having failed C.Though failed D.Because of failure
• ⑥“with/without+n.+-ing”结构在句中作状语， 表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
• 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。
• His hair became grey with the years passing. • 因为期末考试快到了，他感到很紧张。
• With final-exams coming, he feels very nervous.
• 常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing或名词。
• admit to承认
contribute to捐助、贡献
• get down to着手做
give way to让位于
• keep to 坚持、遵守 lead to 导致
• look forward to期待 turn to 求助于
• stick to坚持
( while/when he was writing the letter) Having written the letter, he read it carefully. (After he had written the letter)
(3) 否定式not的位置 (在分词的最前面加not)
Not knowing her address,we could not get in touch with her. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.
A.Finished B.Having finished C.Finishing D.To finish
3._B__who she was,she said she was Mr.Johnson’s
friend.
A.Asking B.Asked C.To be asked D.When asking
Choose the best answer:
1.She is writing a letter to a friend of hers,_B___him
to the party .
A.Having invited B.inviting C.to invite D.invited
2.__B__all my letters,I had a drink and went out.
• 英语中习惯接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词：
• 避免 错过 少延期 avoid miss put off/postpone
• 建议 完成 多练习 suggest finish practise • 喜欢 想象 禁不住 enjoy imagine can’ help • 承认 否定 与嫉妒 admit deny envy • 逃避 冒险 莫原谅 escape risk excuse • 忍受 保持 不介意 stand keep mind
9.Finding her car stolen,___D__.
A.a policeman was asked to help
B.the area was searching thoroughly
C.it was looked for everywhere
D.she hurried a policeman for help
• She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
• ④-ing分词作伴随状语，可放于句首或句中。表 示主语的另一个伴随的动作。如：