The sufficient resources can help to overcome crisis. It has acted to help emerging markets caught up in the crisis
----loans for Hungary and Ukraine
----agreement in principle with Pakistan
• Managing Director Strauss-Kahn said: 1)The emphasis on fiscal stimulus is essential to
restore global growth 2)The declaration recognizes that some countries
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
环小丽 2011312866
• Introduction • Reinforcing international cooperation • Ensuring sufficient resources • The history of international monetary fund • The activities of---• The aims • An adaption • The tools • How to be one member of IMF
---the system collapse, the members have been free to choose any form of exchange arrangement
3)Debt anห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ painful reforms(1982-1989)
---the oil shocks of the 1970s
Reinforcing international cooperation
• Strauss-Kahn noted G-20’s endorsement of strengthening the IMF’s mandate in the areas of macroeconomic surveillance， lending to member countries in need，and providing assistance to build up capacity in emerging market and developing countries
----a loan for Iceland
The history (5 period)
1)Cooperation and reconstruction(1994-1917) 2)The end of the Bretton Woods
System(1972-1981) 3)Debt and painful reforms(1982-1989) 4)The end of communism(1989-2004) 5)Continued glolalization(2005-present)
1)Cooperation and reconstruction(1994-1917)
---found reason: breakdown in international monetary cooperation
---it was conceived in July 1944 ---it came into formal existence in
have more room for maneuver than others 3)The global stimulus needs to be large, in the order
of 2 percent of world GDP, to make a sizeable difference to global growth prospects
• Its role in reform of financial markets is based on its responsibility for surveillance of the global financial system
Ensuring sufficient resources
December 1945 ---its membership began to expand in
the late 1950s and during the 1960s
2)The end of the Bretton Woods System(1972-1981)
---by early 1960s, dollar’s fixed value, under the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates
Introduction
• A latest news：world leaders launch action plan to combat financial crisis on November 15,2008
• The aims is at resolving the global financial crisis and supporting the IMF’s capacity to contribute to these efforts
---during 1970s, expansionary fiscal policies and overvalued exchange rates
---crisis broke out in Mexico in 1982
4)The end of communism(1989-2004)
---the fall of Berlin wall in 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in1991 enabled it to be a universal institution