字母的发音规则总结元音字母： A E I (Y) O U读音：/ei/ /i:/ /ai/ / əu/ /ju:/字母A1、一般情况在重读闭音节中发[ æ]：carry, manage在重读开音节中发[ ei ]：name, gate在非重读音节中发[ i/Ι]或[ ə]：temperature, orange, surface, probably,Explanation2、特殊情况：1) 重读音节中发[ e ]：any, anything, anybody, anywhere, anyone, anyway,anyhow, many2) 重读闭音节w后发[ ɔ/ɒ]wash, watch, quantity, quality；注意：water[ ɔ：]3、组合：1) ai/ay在重读音节中发[ ei ]：delay, wait, praise在非重读音节中发[ ə]：curtain, certain, Britain[ i/Ι]：fountain,mountain, captain, bargain 特殊情况：在said 和says 中发[ e ]2) au 在重读音节中[ ɔ：]：daughter, cause, autumn；特殊情况：[ a：]：aunt, laugh3) aw在重读音节中发[ ɔ：]：law, draw, dawn4）al在l/k前发[ ɔ：]：talk, walk, wall在f/m前发[ a：]：half, calm在其它辅音字母前发[ ɔ：l ]：always, also, salt字母E1、一般情况在重读闭音节中发[ e ]：rest, recognize在重读开音节中发[ i：]：complete, these, meter, fever, secret在非重读音节中发[ i/Ι]或[ ə]：toilet, repeat, present2、组合：1) ea在重读音节中发[ i：]：meat, leave[ e ]：bread, feather, sweater, breakfast特殊情况：[ iə]：theatre, idea, area, real,really, realize;[ ei ]：break, breakthrough, great2) ee在重读音节中发[ i：]：green, sheep, bee, sleep, sheet3) ei/ey在重读音节中发[ ei ]：eight, grey, neighbour, weight[ ai ]：height, neither, either[ i：]：key, receive, seize, ceiling4) ew在重读音节中发[ ju：]，l, r , j后发[ u：]：new, few, flew, threw; 注意：sew[ əu ]5) ex读音有三种，重读在此发[ eks ]：exercise, exhibition重读不在此有两种发音：元音前面发[ igz ]：exam, exist辅音前面发[ iks ]：explain, excuse字母I/Y1、一般情况在重读闭音节中发[ i/Ι]：mirror, physics, official在重读开音节中发[ ai ]：hi, like, type在非重读音节中发[ i/Ι]或[ ə]：basin, terrible2、特殊情况：重读闭音节发[ai ]：climb, island, sign, sigh, frighten, sight, light, bright, flight重读开音节发[ i：]：police, machine, magzine, technique; 注意：give[ i/Ι] 3、组合：1) ia/ie/io在重读音节中发[ aiə]：dialogue, quiet, pioneer, society, variety,science在轻读音节中发[ iə]：India, immediate2) ie在重读音节中发[ ai ]：tie, die, lie[ i：]：field, piece, believe, achieve注意：friend[ e ]字母O1、一般情况在重读闭音节中发[ ɔ/ɒ]：follow, collar, sorry, common[ ʌ]：comfort, company, worry[ əu ]：comb, only, progress, motor, moment在重读开音节中发[ əu ]：drove, alone, bone在非重读音节中发[ ə]：pilot, apologize, occur2、特殊情况：重读开音节发[ ʌ]：glove, none, some, above, come[ u：]：prove, improve, move, remove, lose, shoe 注意：gone[ ɔ/ɒ], once[ wʌ], woman[ u ]women[ i/Ι]3、组合：1) ou在重读音节中发[ au ]：mouse, found, ground, mountain, plough,trousers, thousand, south 发[ ʌ]：country, young, courage/encourage, southern, couple, cousin, double, enough, rough, touch, trouble发[ u：]：youth, wound, group, soup;在ought中发[ ɔ：]：thought, bought, fought注意：[ əu]soul/shoulder/though；[ u ]could/would/should；[ u：]through；[ ɔ/ɒ]cough2) oo在重读音节中发[ u：]：room, food[ u ]：stood, good, wood, foot, wool, cook 在非重读音节中发[ u ]：classroom注意：flood/blood[ ʌ]3) oa在重读音节中发[ əu ]：goat, soap, float[ ɔ：]：broad, abroad, broadcast4) oi/oy在重读音节中发[ ɔi ]：oil, toilet, coin, boil, toy, employ, soil5) ow在重读音节中发[ au ]：cow, crowd, nowadays, drown, downow重读及非重读音节中发[ əu ]：know, bowl, borrow, follow字母U1、一般情况在重读闭音节中发[ ʌ]：hurry, punish, club, pump[ u ]：bush, push, pull, butcher(多在p/b后)在重读开音节中发[ ju：]：refuse, useful在r, l, j后发[ u：]：rule, ruler, June, include, true在非重读音节中发[ i/Ι]/[ ə]：minute, success, support, century[u], natural 2、特殊情况：重读闭音节发[ju：]/[u：]：usually, music, pupil, human, universe, truth 注意：[ e ]bury；[ i/Ι]：busy, business3、组合：ui在重读音节中发[ u：]juice, fruit; 发[ ju：]suit, suitcase;发[ i/Ι]：build, guitar(可视为u不发音) 注意：ruin[ u:i ]R音节1、R音节在非重读音节中发[ ə]：doctor, offer, effort, particular, surprise,Saturday, forward, upwards2、er/ir/ur 在重读音节中发[ з:/ə：]：clerk, term, bird, girl, circle, church,disturb, further1)er 后面有元音时发[ іə]：serious, experience注意：every, difference, interest其中的e不发音其变体ear/eer/ere发[ іə]：merely, here , beard, hear, deer, beerear/ere发[εə/ eə]：nowhere, therefore, pear, bear, wearear[ ə：/з：]：heard, learn, early, earth, earn, search, research注意：heart[ a：], were[ ə：/з：]2)其变体ire后面发[ aіə]：fire, tyre, tired, require, entire, hire, desire,admire,wire3)ur后面有元音时发[ juə]：curious, during其变体ure在重读音节中：sure[ uə], cure/pure[ juə]3、or在重读音节中发[ ɔ：]：short, morning, worn[ з：/ə：]：work, worst, world, word(多在w后) 在后面有元音时发[ ɔ/ɒ]：majority, foreign其变体oor/oar均发[ ɔ：]：door, floor, board, blackboard注意：poor[ uə], cupboard[ ə](非重读)其变体our发[ ɔ：]：course, courtyard, pour, fourth[ auə]：hour, flour, ours[ з：/ə：]：journey [ uə]：tour在非重读音节中发[ ə]：favour, honour4、ar在重读音节中发[ a：]：cigar, carpet在[w]后面时发[ ɔ：]：warm, warn, quarter, war, toward在后面有元音时发[ εə/ eə]：parent, various, area, librarian其变体are/air均发[ εə/ eə]：repair, unfair, prepare部分辅音字母的发音e / i / y前[ s ]：circle, accept1、c ia/ie/io/ea前[ ∫ ]：precious, ocean, official, special其它情况[ k ]：could, physics, electric[ k ]：stomach, chemistry, Christmas, ache, schoolch [ t∫ ]：Chinese, benchsandwich[ dӡ], machine[ ∫ ]2、动词加ed后，清辅音后[ t ]，浊辅音及元音后[ d ]，t和d后[ id ]：asked,stayed, armed, waited, needede/i/y前发[ dӡ]：page, imagine, energy, danger3、g gn/gh中不发音：sign, through, straight, though…其它情况[ g ]：pig, cigar, league, golden, glad, greetgh组合[ f ]：rough, laugh, cough, enough[g/k]前发[ n ]：thank, uncle, finger, anxious…mn在词尾时中不发音：autumn4、n 其它情况[ n ]：envelope, enemy, paint…ng组合发[ ŋ ]：long, length, tongue, clothing, singer…[ ŋg ]：English, England, finger, anger, angry, language, single5、s[ s ]：Sunday, newspaper, base, case, course, goose, increase, practise,promise, purpose, purse, serious, useful[ z ]：husband, present, news, advise, because, blouse, cause, cheese, choose, close, desease, excuse, exercise, lose, noise, nose, pause, praise, raise,rise, refuse, rose, whose, wise[ ∫ ]：Asia, Russia, sure, sugar, dicussion, expression, possession[ ӡ]：pleasure, measure, treasure, usually, television, decisionsc组合：e/i/y前发[ s ]：scene, science, scientist, scientific其它发[ sk ]：scold, score, scream, biscuit, describe, description…(e)s：动词或名词后加(e)s，清辅音后面发[ s ]，浊辅音及元音后面发[ z ]，s, x, z, sh, ch或[ s / z / ∫ / t∫ / dӡ]后面的es读[ iz ]：guesses, houses, boxes, watches, pages, fishes 注意：stomachs另：paths, houses, baths, youths, mouths等s前的清辅音浊化。