粘着语素不能独立成词，只能依附于其他语素上 以构成词或担当一定的语法功能。
Free morphemes are all roots /free roots, which are capable of being used as words or as wordbuilding elements to form new words.
formation
➢ Teaching focus:
• Definition of morphemes • Definition of allomorphs • Types of Types of morphemes
free morpheme bound morpheme
• Definitions of root, stem and base
Free vs. bound morphemes in terms of their capacity of occurring alone
Derivational vs. inflectional morphemes applying to affixes only
Content / lexntic and syntactic basis
1. Morpheme
What is a morpheme？ It is the minimal meaningful unit of language. Or it is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 语素是最小的有意义的单位。它是语言中最小 的构词单位
2. Morph and allomorph
➢The definition of morphs： The phonetic or orthographic strings or segments which realize morphemes are termed ‘morphs’. 语素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素。 Morphs are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. 形素是口语中最小的意义载体。
What is an allomorph?
An allomorph is one of the variants of the same morpheme.
语素/形位变体是同一个语素的不同形式。
For example
When the plural marker {s} is added to cat, dog, and horse, it is pronounced differently as /-s, -z,
英语词汇学课程课件
课件名称：英语词汇的形态结构 制作人：孙红梅、寻阳 单位：曲阜师范大学外国语学院
Chapter 3
Morphological structure of English words
➢ Objectives:
• Discuss morphemes, their classification and identification; • Explain the relationship between morphemes and word-
自由语素都是词根, 也叫自由词根, 能用作词或作 为构成新词的构词要素。
Bound morphemes consist of either roots (bound roots) or affixes.
粘着语素包括词根（粘着词根）和词缀。
E.g., bound root: -dict-, -ced-
affix: -ion, -ist, -ic
A multitude of words made up of merely bound morphemes, eg: ante-ced-ent. ➢ -ced- 是词根，‘接近’， ➢ ante- 是前缀，‘在…前’， ➢ -ent 是后缀，‘人，物’，
Derivational vs. inflectional morphemes 派生语素与屈折语素
What are derivational and inflectional morphemes?
➢ Derivational morphemes are used to derive new words when they are added to another morpheme. In English derivatives and compounds are all formed by such morphemes.
Free vs. bound morphemes 自由语素与粘着语素
➢ Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.
➢ 自由语素是能独立运用的语素，它有完整的意 义，在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。
➢ E.g., man, wind, open, tour
Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are bound to other morphemes to form words or to perform a particular grammatical function.
-iz/ and thus has three phonological forms; the three forms are just the variants of the same morpheme {s}, i.e. the allomorphs of morpheme {s}.
3. Classifications of morphemes