高考英语倒装句知识点梳理一、知识框架二、知识点讲解⚫倒装句型(一)、全部倒装把谓语全部提到主语前面,叫全部倒装。
主要有:1.there be 句型:可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live,happen,exist,remain,stand等等作这类句型的谓语。
如:There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。
Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.很久很久以前,有一位国王,他非常喜欢马。
There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.起火的时候,碰巧房间里面没有人。
2.Here/There/Now+vi.(常为come, go)+主语(必须是名词)此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是"喂,注意了"。
如:Here comes Mary. →I can see Mary coming.玛丽来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
→I can hear the bell ringing.Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
There he comes.他来了。
这种句型不能用现在进行时。
here句中也可用系动词。
如:Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for,or you are looking for.这就是我要的故事书。
(我找了好久)Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了,这就是火车站。
“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.""给我点纸。
” “给你。
”3.then引起谓语为come,follow的句子。
如:Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。
Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。
4.out,in,up, down,away之类的副词作状语放在句首,主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词,谓语为不及物动词come,go,run ,rush,etc。
句式为:副词+vi.+主语(必须是名词)。
如:a.Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。
b.In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。
5.介词短语作状语放在句首,谓语为不及物动词,主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。
句式为:介词短语+vi.+主语(必须是名词)。
如:In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。
6.直接引语中的倒装c.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,它的主语(说话人)和谓语(引述动词)常要倒装。
d.但当主语是代词或谓语动词含有助动词时,一般不倒装。
e.另外,如果谓语比主语长,或是它后面有宾语时,一般也不倒装。
例:1)“Will you please carry it for you”? said the old man2)“Please do me a favour”, he said.3)“He is a liar. You can’t trust him.” said Tom.4)“I am hungry”,she had said.7.表语放在句首,表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。
要求主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。
句式为:表语+系动词+主语(必须是名词)。
Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。
On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道两旁有美丽的花。
South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。
(二)、部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装。
主要有:1."only+副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句"开头的句子。
如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。
注意:1)在only+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
2)only修饰主语,不倒装。
特别提示:副词only置于句首,强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时,主句要进行部分倒装。
但若位于句首的不是only+状语,而是only+宾语等,通常则无需倒装。
►Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.在被邀请了三次之后,他才出席会议。
►Only in this way can you master English.只有用这种方式你才能掌握英语。
►Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有当他返回时,我们才能发现真相。
2.否定词(短语)开头的句子要用部分倒装。
表示否定的副词never,nor,neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组by no means(决不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何时候都不),(在任何情况下都不)not until,not only...but also,no sooner...than=hardly...when/scarcely...即"否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+其他"。
如:Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。
Little/Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看电视。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
▲常见放在句首的否定词By no means, in no case, in no way, on no consideration,under no circumstances, in no circumstances 表示决不barely 简直没有hardly 几乎不scarcely 几乎不never 从不rarely 很少little 几乎没有;一点也不seldom 很少only 只有not 不,没有not…until… 直到…才… nowhere 没有地方,无处not a bit 一点也不not only…but also… 不但…而且…例:1)Barely does he have enough money to live on.=He barely has enough money to live on.2) By no means is translation easy.=Translation is by no means easy.3)Little did I think that I would lose the game.=I didn’t think at all that I would lose the game.(注:这里not at all=little 译为:一点也不)在上面表格所列到的否定词中,有几个词是强调两个动作的紧密相接,说明如下:a.hardly…when… 一…就…例:Hardly did he see me when he ran away.=As soon as he saw me, he ran away.b.scarcely…when… 一…就…例:Scarcely had the baby cried when the nurse rushed to carry him.c.no sooner…than… 一…就…例:No sooner had they reached home than it rained.=It rained as soon as they reached home.d. not only…but also… 不但…而且…例:1)No only did I make a promise, but I also kept it.=I not only made a promise, but (also)I kept it.2)Not only is he a scientist, but also he is a painter.注意:1)关联词的搭配。
2)前一分句倒装,后一分句不倒装。
3.以so开头,用"so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语"表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物,意为"也,同样,也如此"。
表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用"neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语"。
Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了,人也变了。
注意:1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合,或进一步强调前面所说的情况,或者赞同前面的说法时,应用自然语序。
意为"的确,正是"。
—Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。
—So he does and so do you.的确如此,你也是。
2)倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。
If you don’t go,neither/nor shall I.(If you don’t go,I shall not go.)你不去,我也不去。
注意:表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用:It is the same with sth./sb.或So it is with sth./sb.句型。
She does well in English,but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.她英语学得好,但数学学得差,露茜也是如此。