课堂练习 （一）改写句子 1. We plant trees in spring every year. Trees are planted by us in spring every year. _________________ 2. She posted the letter yesterday. The letter was posted by her yesterday. ____________________ 3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. I was given _______________a birthday present by Mr Turner. 5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. ______________________________ by you tomorrow. Your homework may be handed in 6. She is going to write a letter. A letter is going to be writtenby her. __________________________
2. 主动结构表被动意义
①open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,
cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主 语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。
This kind of shirt sells well.
The pen writes smoothly.
• ② cost, fit, agree with (气候，食 物等适合于）使用主动表被动。 • The book costs me twenty yuan.
We
主语
speak
谓语
English.
宾语
主动语态
English is spoken
主语 谓语
by us.
宾语
被动语态
宾变主,主变宾,前加by
1. Tom broke the window.
The window was broken by Tom.
2.He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him.
• 3.系动词没有被动形式 look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系 动词用主动表被动意义。
• 例： It smells wonderful. • Mooncakes taste delicious.
3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动 意义。
例：This book is worth reading.
4）.现在完成时
has /have +been done
• Jim has finished the work. • The work has been finished by Jim.
5）.含有情态动词的被动语态 • can/may/must/should +be done
• I can find him. • He can be found by me.
世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
• 3. 动作不是由人发出的。
许多房屋被冲走了。 Many houses were washed away by the flood.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
D 4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed C and burned at such a speed 5. Rainforests ___ that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge ___ B by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, C it looks as if it ____. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken
主动语态表示主语是动作的 执行者。
两种语态 English is spoken
主语 谓语
被动语态
by many people.
宾语
主语English是谓语动词speak 所表示的动作的承受者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
We clean our classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。
A from increasing，people ____ shout 1. If city noises ____ to be heard even at dinner． A． are not kept；will have to B． are not kept；have C． do not keep；will have to D． do not keep；have to C 2. The fifth generation computers, ____and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed A the sports meet might be put off． 3. --- ____ --- Yes，it all depends on the weather． A． I've been told B． I've told C． I'm told D． I told
主动语态
Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们的教室每天被打扫。
被动语态
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现 出来的。
二、被动语态的基本构成：
be+动词的过去分词（be+done)
be随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化
1）.一般现在时 am/is/are +done
中考语法精讲——被动语态我吃了一个苹果， 那在苹果怎样了？苹果被…
苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的 被字句，英语中的“被字句” 我们称之为被动语态。
英语中有两种语态： 主动语态和被动语态。
一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态 We
主语
speak
谓语
English.
宾语
主动语态
谓语speak的动作是由主语we执 行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表 示动作的执行者。
Be要随着主语变
逻辑主语by来引
Exercise:
He rides the
motorbike to his factory every
day.
The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.
Exercise:
We call the snowman Mr. Strong.
3）.一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done
• They will plant trees tomorrow. • Trees will be planted by them tomorrow • He is going to write a letter to his mother. • A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.
补充部分
• 主动语态中，使役动词（make, let, have）, 感官动词（see, hear, watch, feel,notice） 后面跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时， 要加上不定式符号to. • I saw him open the door just now.刚才我看 见他进屋了（主动语态） • He was seen to open the door just now.
• 4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done
例：My bike needs repairing. • =My bike needs to be repaired. • 我的自行车需要修理。
• happen, take place, break out,have ,belong to.
• We clean the classroom every day. • The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
2）.一般过去时 was/were+done
He made the kite. The kite was made by him. • He put on a coat. • A coat was put on by him.
B in the city, and a lot of factories ___. 8. Great changes ___ A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up D over 60 dollars. 9. That suit __ A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. A for? --- What’s the pretty small house that __ A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.--- Do you like the cloth? C very soft. --- Yes, it ___ A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt