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高级通信原理第7章


2
为传输路径损耗。其中c为光速,f为电波频率。 分贝形式为
Lf = 92.44 + 20 log10 d + 20 log10 f (dB)
d的单位为km,f的单位为GHz。
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析
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接收天线上的接收功率为
Pr = PG G t t r Lf

第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析
16

练习7-3:

(Sklar’s book 9.14)
Consider a real-time communication satellite system, operating over an AWGN channel (disturbed by periodic fades). The overall link is described by the following specifications from a mobile transmitter to a low-earth-orbit satellite receiver: Data rate R = 9600 bits/s Available bandwidth W = 3000 Hz Link margin M = 0 dB (see Section 5.6) Carrier frequency fc = 1.5 GHz EIRP = 6 dBW Distance between transmitter and receiver d = 1000 km Satellite receiver figure of merit G/T = 30 dBI Receiver antenna temperature TA°= 290 K Line loss from the receiver antenna to the receiver, L = 3 dB Receiver noise figure F = 10 dB

若再考虑发射和接收电路上的附件损耗La, 则接收功率为
Pr = PG G t t r Lf La

分贝形式为
(P )
r dB
= (Pt )
dB
+ (Gt )
dB
+ (Gr ) - (Lf )
dB
dB
- (La )
dB
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析
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噪声温度与噪声系数
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析
7
Gr为接收天线增益:
天线发射与接收互易,故发射天线增益
4p Gr = 2 Ae l
例:直径为D的抛物面(碟形)天线,有效面积为
4p Gt = 2 Ae l
其中, h为效率因子,取值范围为0.5~0.6。天 线增益为
æ pD ö 4pAe ÷ ç ÷ Gt = 2 = h ç ÷ ç l è l ÷ ø
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析 17

练习7-3(续):
Losses due to fading Lf = 20 dB Other losses Lo = 6 dB You are allowed to choose one of two modulation schemes— MPSK with Gray coding, or noncoherent orthogonal MFSK— such that the available bandwidth is not exceeded and power is conserved. For error-correction coding, you are to choose one of the (127, k) BCH codes from Table 9.2 that provides the most redundancy, but still meets the bandwidth constraints. Calculate the output decoded bit-error probability. How much coding gain, if any, characterizes your choices. Hint: Proceed by calculating parameters in the following order, Eb/N0, Es/N0, PE(M), pc, PB. When using Equation (9.41) for computing decoded bit-error probability, a small Eb/N0 necessitates using many terms in the summation. Hence, computer assistance is helpful here.
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ无线通信链路预算分析
3

自由空间传输中的增益与损耗

通路的增益为
Pr Pt = GtGr Lf
dB
(P )

r dB
- (Pt )
dB
= (Gt )
+ (Gr ) - (Lf )
dB
dB
Lf:电波传播的损耗 Gt:发射天线增益 Gr:接收天线增益
4
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析
2

在噪声宽带B上,可用噪声功率为

T = Pav / kB 称为该噪声源的噪声温度。
12
Pav = kTB
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析


例:某地球站工作在C频段(频率为6.10GHz),天线增 益为54dB,发射功率100W。卫星接收天线增益26dB, 与地球站的距离是37500km。转发器等效噪声温度500 K,带宽36MHz,增益110dB。试计算:(1)链路传输损 耗(含2dB附加损耗);(2)转发器输入噪声功率;(3)转发 器输入C/N;(4)转发器输出(信号)功率。 解:(1) 传播损耗: Lf = 92.44 + 20 lg d + 20 lg f + La
2
1 Ae = pD 2 h 4
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析
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例:物理面积为A的喇叭天线,Ae=0.8A,
天线增益为
Gr =
4pAe l2
3.2pA = l2
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析
9

接收天线上的接收功率
2

接收功率与发送功率之比为
5

发射天线增益Gt


采用定向天线后,电波不再是全向辐射。 发射天线增益:定向天线的最大方向上单位 立体角发射的功率与全方向天线的单位立体 角发射的功率之比。 EIRP:相对于全向天线的有效辐射功率 EIRP = Gt Pt 采用定向天线后相距d处单位面积上功率为
Pr¢ = Gt Pt EIRP = 2 4pd 4pd 2
=92.44 + 20lg37500+20lg6.1+2=201.6(dB) (2)噪声功率为 Pn_dBW = 10 log10 (kTB ) = k dB + Ttot_dB + BdB
= -228.6 + 10log10 500 + 10log10 (36 ´ 106 ) = -126.0(dBW)

第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析
6

接收天线增益Gr

接收天线接收电波信号的功率与天线面积及 其它一些因素有关。 天线有效面积
Ae = Pr Pr ¢
Pr ¢ Pr为天线接收的电波功率, 为单位面积
上的电波功率。 设电波波长为l,Ae为
l2 Ae = Gr 4p

电波传播损耗

电波在传播中,能量随着传输距离扩散。 全向辐射天线的辐射面为球体,距离发射天线 d处的球体表面积为
S = 4pd 2

单位面积上的能量按传输距离的平方指数减少。 若天线辐射功率为Pt,在距离为d的球面上的 单位面积上的辐射功率为
Pr¢ = Pt 4pd 2
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析

噪声源

热噪声近似为高斯白噪声,双边功率谱密度为
Pav ( f ) = 2kTR
k为波尔兹曼常数,k=1.38×10-23J/K。

可用噪声功率谱:热噪声源加在匹配负载(RL= R)上的时候,可得到最大功率谱
ö N0 Pav ( f ) æ 1 1 ÷ ç ÷ = kT = ´ç ÷ ç R 2 è2÷ ø 2
第七章 无线信道与通信链路预算分析:无线通信链路预算分析
14

练习7-1:
(Sklar’s book 5.1) (a) What is the value in decibels of the free-space loss for a carrier frequency of 100 MHz and a range of 3 km? (b) The transmitter output power is 10 W. Assume that both the transmitting and receiving antennas are isotropic and that there are no other losses. Calculate the received power in dBW. (c) If in part (b) the EIRP is equal to 20 W, calculate the received power in dBW. (d) If the diameter of a dish antenna is doubled, calculate the antenna gain increase in decibels. (e) For the system of part (a), what must the diameter of a dish antenna be in order for the antenna gain to be 10 dB? Assume an antenna efficiency of 0.55.
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