Unit2 English around the worldLanguage points:1.include vt. 包含；包括—反义—〉exclude vt. 除去；排除e.g.a. The list included his name.b. I include eggs on the list of things to buy.adj. 包含的，包括的prep. 包含，包括included e.g. Six persons, six women included, were killed or damaged inthe road accident.+ n./pron. e.g. There are six people, including three women.区别：include, contain, hold·include:强调“包括，作为整体的一部分”，侧重范围或整体e.g.He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech. ·contain:着重“其中确实包含有”，指在一定范围或容器内容纳某物，侧重包含的内容或成分。

e.g. The bottle contains water.·hold:指“能容纳”。

e.g. a. The house hold 20 people.b. How much water does the jug hold?练习：1.The parcel _______ a lot of things, _______ a second-hand dictionary.A. contained; includedB. contained; includingC. included; containedD. included; containing2. The book _______ forty maps, ______ three of Great Britain.A. contains; includesB. is containing; includingC. includes; containsD. contains; including2.role n. 角色；任务；作用（同part）play roles扮演角色play the role/part of 扮演…角色 e.g. He will play the role of the doctor in mylatest drama.play a role/part in sth/doing sth在…发挥作用/扮演角色e.g.Phonetics plays animportant part in thestudy of English.3. because of + n./pron/宾丛 e.g.She didn’t come to the party because ofwhat you had said.because + 句子 e.g. I was late for school this morning because I overslept.同义词：·due to 由于，作表语或状语 e.g. The accident was due to careless driving. ·thanks to多亏，由于，作表语或状语e.g. Thanks to your advice, much troublewas saved.·owing to 由于，作表语或状语e.g. Tom’s failing in the exam was owing to hiscarelessness.·as a result of由于，作状语e.g.The flight was delayed as a result of fog.·on account of 因为，作状语e.g. We delayed our departure on account of the badweather.·by reason of 由于，因为，作状语e.g.He was excused by reason of his age.4. native adj.&n.①adj. a. 出生地的b. 本地的，土生土长的c. （常与to连用）本地产的A是B地特产的动物或植物：A be native to B. = A be a native of B.d.(指品质)与生俱来的，天生的②n. 本地人，本国人，某地的动物或植物e.g. a. Her native tongue is German.b. Tom is a native Englishman.c. Banana is native to Taiwan.== Banana is a native of Taiwan.d. native speakerf. He is a native of Beijing.g. Are you a native here, or just a visitor?h. The panda is a native of west China.注：One’s native place 指某人的出生地，但表达“是某地人”时，习惯上不说“My native place is …..”而说“I was born in ……”拓展：n.国家，民族national adj. 国家的，国民的n(c). 侨民n. (u) 国籍（c）民族 e.g. the minority nationalities 各少数民族5. the road to the modern Englishto 为介词，类似的有：the entrance to the hallthe answer(n.) to the question answer(v.) the questionthe key to the doora road to successa journey/trip to Beijing a visitor to Beijingthe guide to ….the notes to the textan introduction to English grammar6. not 与everything 连用表示部分否定类似的：all, both, every, whole, always, altogether, entirely, wholly 等与否定词连用，构成部分否定。

e.g. a. All is not gold that glitters.=> Not all that glitters is gold. 发光的并非都是金子。

b. All men here are not honest. 这儿的人并非都诚实。

c. Both of the brothers don’t like the film. 兄弟两不都喜欢这部电影。

d. The rich are not always happy. 有钱人并非总是幸福的。

另：①not…and 的否定，被否定的往往是and 后面的那一部分。

e.g. a. She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。

b. He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。

注：把and 换成or, not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。

e.g. a. She cannot sing or dance.她既不会唱歌也不会跳舞。

②not…as well as 只否定它前面的部分，表示部分肯定。

e.g. a. He doesn’t dance as well as sing. 他唱歌，但不跳舞。

b. The child isn’t lively as well as healthy.这个孩子健康，但不活泼。

拓展：全部否定若表示全部否定，则用①none, neither, nobody, nowhere, never etc.+肯定动词e.g. a. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。

b. No pains, no gains.c. None of them are right. 他们都不对。

d. Neither of us will go. 我们两都不去。

e. The book is nowhere to find. 都处都找不到这本书。

②anything, anything, any other etc.+ 否定动词e.g. I cannot do any of the exercises. 任何一道题我都不会做。

7．Come upa. = to rise （太阳）升起 e.g. The sun came up.b. =to come near 走近 e.g.He came up and said hello to me.c. =to appear or happen 显现；出现e.g. The question never came up.d. （植物）长出地面拓展：come about 发生＝happencome across 偶遇，碰到=come upon/meet with/run across (into)come along 进展，进步come to 苏醒；结果达到come on 来吧；赶快come into being 形成（无被动形式）come into power 上台，掌权come into usecome out 出版；开花；发芽；出现come over 过来；顺便拜访come true 实现8．actually adv. 事实上；实际上；真实地e.g.Actually, few of us will agree with him.同义词：really, in fact, as a matter of fact，in reality, in truth, in point of fact, in nature9. present n. &adj. & vt.·①n. a. =gift 礼物 e.g. a birthday giftb. 当前；目前at present＝now 目前at the present time 在目前，在现在for the present = for the time being 暂时，暂且，就目前来讲up to the present =up to now 到目前为止presently=soon 不久e.g.a. I will treasure the birthday present he gave me.·②adj. a. 出席的；到场的（作后置定语或表语）be present at 出席b. 现在的；现存的（作前置定语）e.g.a. There are twenty children present.b. What is your present job?·③vt. 赠予，颁予，提出，呈递把某物给某人present sth to sb＝make a present of sth to sbpresent sb with sthe.g. a. They presented flowers to their teacher.拓展：presence n. 出席；到场；存在——反义——absence n.present adj. be present at ——反义——absent adj. be absent from练习：1．__The teacher present ___(在座的老师) will have a discussion about it. 10．more…than 与其说…倒不如说 e.g. more brave than wise 有勇无谋more than 超过，不仅仅，不止e.g. It cost me more than $100.no more than 不过，仅仅，同…一样不e.g. It’s no more than a mile to the shops.no more…than …与…都不，不…也不 e.g. He is no more diligent than you .你不勤奋，他也不勤奋。