(3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数： family, class, population, staff, crew, couple,
public, group, team, party, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemy (4) 只有复数形式的名词:
4.有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范 围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news. The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops. The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
A>名词只能用复数形式的短语：
• do exercises （做操） • take notes (做笔记） • take turns （轮流） • make repairs （搞修理） • change trains （改换火车） • make friends with （交朋友） • shake hands with (握手） • as follows （如下） • in rags （衣衫褴褛） • in dozens （成打的）
常见的不可数名词
progress
advice
fun
information furniture work
baggage
luggage news
jewelry
weather paper (纸张)
equipment trouble
knowledge homework
有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到 一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态 的作用。如： Use your brains, please. They have smoothed away the difficulties. Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting? Many thanks for your kindness. No pains, no gains. After many failures, they finally succeeded.
以辅音+o 结尾的词 多数加-es
Heroes; tomatoes
以f或fe结尾的词
把f/fe改成ves Halves; leaves
不规则名词单复数变化:
（1）单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, species, works(工厂), aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
III. 名词单复数的特殊情况:
(1) 集体名词只用作复数： police , cattle , people , poultry, the youth
(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词: clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage), machinery, wealth
（2）改变字母：man --men, woman --women, policeman --policemen, saleswoman --saleswomen, foot --feet, tooth --teeth, goose --geese, Mouse --Mice , phenomenon --phenomena
可数名词 (Countable Nouns)
1. 可数名词的复数
给出下列名词的复数形式
policeman child mouse tooth foot potato hero leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch thief mosquito
policemen
（为…做贡献）
(9)名词单复数意义不同的短语： • Have a word with sb. （与…某人说句话） • Have words with sb. （与…某人吵架） • Make cloth (织布） • Make clothes （制衣）
一:’s型用法（有生命的所有格）
• １．有生命的所有格
③含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名词： 它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。 如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers
④含man或 woman的合成名词： 它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如： a man doctor, two men doctors
（5）以f或fe结尾的词:
直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf, 变f为v再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf,
wolf, thief 另外：handkerchief
（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）
beef（beeves菜牛 、beefs怨言；牢骚）
calf
passer-by
go-
between
grown-up
girl friend
sister-in-law man servant looker-on
watches ladies foxes flies brushes
tomatoes inches halves kilos pianos
calves passers-by
另： penny （pence或 pennies） （3）增加字母: child --children, ox --oxen
（4）以o结尾的词：
加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio, bamboo, tobacco
加es: tomato, potato, hero 另：zero （zeros或 zeroes）
by experience靠经验
an experience一次经历
youth青春
a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人
a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意
a pleasure乐事
2. 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似 乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses, scissors, goods ,thanks, wishes, wages, tears, troops, forces, resources
(5) 以s结尾但不表示复数:
mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, news,
高考语法复习系列二
名词
名词
专有名词(Proper Nouns)
抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)
普通名词
(Common Nouns)
物质名词(Material Nouns) 集体名词(Collective Nouns) 个体名词(Individual Nouns)
不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns)
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me? It is a waste of time reading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(7) 姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:
the Greens ；the Chengs
(8) 名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：
• make faces / a face（做鬼脸） • Have talks / a talk with sb.(与某人交谈） • Play jokes / a joke on （拿…开玩笑） • Make contributions / a contribution to
woods(森林), works(工厂) (6) 有没有s结尾意义不同：
glass –glasses, cloth –clothes, work –works,
water –waters, wood –woods, good–goods, time –
times(时代), paper –papers(论文), green –greens(青菜), custom –customs(海关), spirit –spirits(酒精,情绪), light –lights(灯), experience –experiences(经历), arm – arms(武器), iron –irons(镣铐,熨斗), compass(指南针) –compasses(圆规),
go-betweens
grown-ups girl friends sisters-in-law
men servants
lookers-on
I.可数名词的复数变法
情况
加法
例词
一般情况 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词
加-s 加-es
以辅音＋y结尾的词 去y加-ies
Brothers;schools Buses; watches; dishes Ladies; countries
3. 物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。 have breakfast have a wonderful breakfast
The road is covered with snow. They have a heavy snow every year.