Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction (3)
Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data(数据存储与处理), from secret government files to banking transactions to private household accounts.
Unit 1 My Computer
History （2） - Electronic computers – the ENIAC
It was the first general-purpose(通用的), digital(数字式) computing machine and was capable of performing thousands of operations per second. However it did not have a stored-program(存储程序).
像ENIAC或UNIVAV这样的大计算机称作大型 机或主机。
Unit 1 My Computer
History （3）
First-Generation Computers: 1951~1958 First generation computers were
characterized by the use of vacuum tube(真空管) as their principal(主要的) electronic component(元件). 第一代计算机以使用真空管为其主要电子元件 为特征。
英国数学家和发明家查尔斯·巴比奇提出了现 代数字计算机的原理。
Unit 1 My Computer
History （1） - The Analytical Engine 分析机
One of Babbage’s designs, the Analytical Engine, had many features(特征) of a
Unit 1 My Computer
History （3）
Second-Generation Computer: 1959~1963 The use of the transistor(晶体管) in
computers in the late 1950s marked the advent of smaller, faster and more versatile logical elements than were possible with vacuum-tube machines. 50年代后期在计算机中使用晶体管标志着比 真空管机器更小，更快，更多样化的逻辑元件 的出现。
Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction （1）
A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information.
modern computer.
巴比奇的一个设计叫做分析机，它具有现代计 算机的许多特征。
– Input stream – Store
Input Memory
输入 内存
– Mill
CPU
中央处理器
– Printer
Output
输出
Unit 1 My Computer
History （2）
- Electronic computers – the ENIAC
输入设备
Output device
输出设备
Vacuum tube
真空管
Tr型集成电路
VLSI
超大型集成电路
Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction （1）
A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions(指令), or program(程序), and then carry out (执行) this program by performing calculations on numerical data(数据) or by manipulating other forms of information.
Unit 1 My Computer
New Words & Expressions （新的词汇与表达）
Program
程序
– 运行程序 execute (run) a program
Automation
自动化
Database
数据库
Computer Networks 计算机网络
Privacy
这些指令，跟数据一样，也存储在内存里。这样计算 机在执行时摆脱纸带阅读器的速度限制，使得不用给 计算机重新导线问题也可以得到解决。
Unit 1 My Computer
History （2） - Electronic computers – the UNIVAC
UNIVAC I was the first computer used by business and was used in the Census Bureau in 1951. Here is where the categorization of four generations of digital computers began.
Unit 1 My Computer
History （3）
The Third-Generation Computers: 1964~1970
Late in the 1960s the integrated circuit, or IC, was introduced, making it possible for many transistors to be fabricated on one silicon substrate, with interconnecting wires plated in place. The IC resulted in a further reduction in price, size and failure rate.
UNIVAC 是第一台商业计算机，被用于美国 1951的人口普查。四代电子计算机的分类就 是从这里开始的。
Unit 1 My Computer
History （2） - Electronic computers
Big computers like ENIAC and UNIVAC were called mainframes(大型机/主机).
从政府的机密文件，到银行交易，再到个人家 庭帐户，各种类型和大小的计算机被用于社会 的各个部分，进行数据的存储和处理。
Unit 1 My Computer
History
1. The analytical Engine
分析机
2. Electronic Computers
电子计算机
3. Four generations of electronic computers.
四代电子计算机
Unit 1 My Computer
History （1） - The Analytical Engine 分析机
In the 19th century, the British mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage worked out the principles of the modern digital computer.
Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction （2）
The modern world of high technology could not have come about except for the development of the computer.
如果没有计算机的发展,现代高科技的世界是 不可能产生的.
The ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
ENIAC – 电子数字集成器及计算机 The ENIAC was huge. It was as big as a house. it
weighted 30 tons and contained 18000 vacuum tubes. ENIAC 非常庞大 – 有一个房子那么大。它重30吨， 包括18000 个真空管。
计算机是一种电子设备。它能接受一套指令或 程序,然后通过对数值数据进行运算或者对其他 形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction (2)
The modern world of high technology could not have come about(发生) except for(如果没 有) the development of the computer.
Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction （4）
Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data, from secret government files to banking transactions to private household accounts.