America's government shutdown isan act of economic self-harm 美国政府关门是一种经济自残行为河海大学李劲松海词积累1.brewer（Para.1）n.酿造啤酒者；啤酒公司2.casualty（Para.1）n.（战争或事故的）受害者；牺牲品3.shutdown（Para.1）n.（工厂）停工；（企业）歇业；（机器）停止运转4.budge（Para.2）v.使改变主意；使让步5.juggernaut（Para.2）n.不可抗拒的强大力量；无法控制的强大机构6.dent（Para.2）n.减少；削减7.contractor（Para.3）n.承包人；承包商8.caveat（Para.4）n.警告；告诫9.loophole（Para.6）n.（法律、合同等的）漏洞；空子10.sap（Para.6）v.使虚弱；削弱；逐渐破坏Beer brewers are facing bottlenecks. Airline passengers are facing queues.Around 800,000federal employees are not being paid.These are the casualties of America's government shutdown,which began on De-cember21st and is now the longest on record.It shows few signs of ending;its costs are climbing.①Historically,such shutdowns seem barely to have budged the juggernaut that is the American economy.②Economists at the Bureau of Economic Analysis(BEA)es-timated that the16-day funding lapse in Oc-tober2013lowered real GDP growth in that quarter by0.3percentage point.③This time, as only around40%of federal employees are affected,most estimates of the weekly impact are even smaller.④Economists at Moody's, a rating agency,reckon that for each week it continues,the dent to GDP growth will be0.04percentage point.There are reasons to think that these numbers understate the impact of the shut-down.Kevin Hassett,chairman of the Trump administration's Council of Economic Ad-visers,said on January15th that after taking into account unpaid government contractors, his officials had recently doubled their esti-mates to a hit worth0.1percentage point per week.Congress has passed legislation to en-sure that federal employees receive back pay.Although the government will have to pay its contractors(with interest)once the shutdown ends,in the past many of those companies did not pass the cash along to workers.Another caveat is that these figures measure the economic impact of the shut-down by valuing the public services that the government is no longer paying for.When the government reopens,the assumption is that GDP will be bumped up by roughly the same amount it was depressed by,with few lasting effects.Then there is the hardship faced by workers who are not being paid.In past shut-downs the impact on consumption was soft-ened,as people expected them to be tempo-rary and in the event they were brief.This one has lasted longer,and the poorest among those affected may not have savings to dip into.Mr Hassett says one of his employees is driving for Uber to make ends meet.Thou-sands of people are worried about losing housing subsidies.Regulators have instructed banks to work with borrowers and extend credit if necessary.But such services are un-likely to be free.The longer the shutdown lasts,the harder it will be to escape its teeth.On Jan-uary11th the TSA announced that employ-ees will be treated to a$500bonus and a day's pay.The US Department of Agriculture is handing out food stamps for February ear -原文复现Structure Paragraph （s ）IntroductionPara.1Background Para.2SignificancePara.3~5Conclusion Para.6Main ideaAmerica 's government shutdown which began on December 21shows few signs of ending and its costs are climbing.Such shutdowns seem barely to have budged the juggernaut that is the American economy.These numbers understate the impact of the shutdown and then there is the hardship faced by workers.The longer the shutdown lasts,the harder it will be to escape its teeth.文本探究探究视角1：语篇分析本文是一篇议论文。

12月21日开始的美国政府关门事件是有记录以来持续时间最长的一次，目前几乎没有结束的迹象，它带来的影响越来越大，付出的代价也越来越大。

工人们面临着没有工资的困境，成千上万的人担心会拿不到住房补贴。

政府关门持续的时间越长，就越难摆脱困境，持续时间双倍，带来的成本不会也是双倍，而是远超于此。

篇章结构梳理：典型段落段内结构分析：Para.2句子序号句义概括①Such shutdowns seem barely to have budged the juggernaut that is the American economy.②③Most estimates of the weekly impact are even smaller.④The dent to GDP growth will be 0.04percentage point.段意概括：美国政府关门带来的影响被预估得很小。

句间关系主旨句支撑句总结ly,to avoid tens of millions of Americans go -ing without that month.If such loopholes run out,and the shutdown extends until March,then payments for food stamps worth $4.8bn per month will cease flowing.According to the economists at Moody 's,that alone would sapGDP by $8.2bn per month,given how quickly it would bite into spending.Shutdowns are non -linear:One that lasts twice as long will incur more than twice the cost.———From The Economist探究视角3：文化拓展美国政府关门美国政府关门（US government shut-down），预算拨款案无法批准，美国政府就不能花钱。

预算拨款权力掌握在美国国会手中，国会不通过预算案，就意味着政府不能花钱，很多需要花钱的工程无法继续，员工的工资也将难以支付。