妇科名词解释1.宫颈原位癌（intraepithelial carcinoma或carcinoma in situ）Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix is terms used to describe the completely haphazard (杂乱无章的) replacement of the stratified（分层的）epithelium（上皮）by abnormal cells showing the characteristic loss of polarit nuclear atypism(非典型) and changes in nuclear cytoplasmic(细胞浆的) ratio of neoplastic(新生的) cells. The abnormal cells do not penetrate the basement membrance(膜). The process limited to the epithelium.2.宫颈原位癌累及腺体(carcinoma in situ with glandular involvement). In intraepithelial carcinoma. these tumors frequently extend up into the cervical canal and replace the columnar cells lining the cervical glands, put the basement membrane of the glands remains intact（完整的）and uninvaded, The terms“carcinoma in situ with glandular in volvement”is used to describe this condition.3.宫颈早期浸润癌(early invasive carcinoma)或镜下浸润癌(microinvasive carcinoma)Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix is established only by histologic（组织学）study, since there is no grossly(肉眼地)visible or obvious malignant tumor in the cervix. In some cases the lesion （损伤）is largely carcinoma in situ, but penetration of the basement membrane by a small cluster of cells or spray of cells for a depth of less than 5mm below the basement membrane may occur. There is no evidence of lymphatic（淋巴管）or blood vessel invasion and confluence(融合)of the spray-like arrangement of cancer cells.4.宫颈浸润癌(invasive carcinoma of cervix)Invasive carcinoma of the cervix is defined as penetration of the basement membrane by camcer cells with or without blood vessel or lymphatic invasion. The depth of penetration is usually greater than 5mm below the basement membrane.5.肌壁间肌瘤（intramural myoma）或(interstitial myoma)The myoma lies within the uterine wall and surrounded by myometrium（子宫肌层）. It comprises approximately 70% of all uterine myoma.6.浆膜下肌瘤（subserous myoma或subperitoneal myoma) The myoma lies just at the serosal（浆膜的）surface of the uterus and bulges（隆起）outward from the myometrium.7.子宫颈上皮内瘤变(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN) A general term for the growth of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. Numbers from 1 to 3 may be used to describe how much of the cervix contains abnormal cells.8.继发闭经（secondary amenorrhea）Secondary amenorrhea in the absence of menses far 6 months in a woman in whom.. normal menstrucation has been established or for 3 normal intervals in a woman will oligomenorrhea.9.不孕症（infertility）A couple is said to be infertile if pregnancy does not result after 2 years of normal sexal activity without coutraceptives.10.阔韧带肌瘤(intraligamentous myoma)The tumor that grow laterally between the leaves of the broad ligament(阔韧带) are called intraligamentous myoma.11..粘膜下肌瘤(submucous myoma)The myoma lies beneath the endometrium（子宫内膜）and protrudes（伸出）into the uterine cavity.12.肌瘤红色变性(red degeneration)This type of degeneration occurs during pregnancy. Thrombosis（血栓形成）renous（静脉的）congestion （淤血）and interstitial（间质的）hemorrhage（出血）are responsible for the color of a myoma undergoing red degeneration. The process is usually accomparied by extreme pain.13.腹膜粘液瘤(myxoma peritonei)In mucinous cystadenoma（粘液性囊腺瘤）a rare complication which sometimes develops if rupture of the cyst, the epithelium（上皮）cells may seed onto the peritoneum（腹膜）and produce a pseudomyxoma peritonei(腹膜假粘液瘤).The shape resembles the metastasis(转移) of ovarian carcinoma.14.皮样囊肿(dermoid cyst)The mature teratoma(畸胎瘤), which belongs to benign（良性的）ovarian tumor, is also called dermoid cyst.15.梅格斯综合征（Meig’s Syndrome）Ovarian fibromas（卵巢纤维瘤）in conjunction with ascites(腹水) and light hydrothorax（胸腔积水）constitute the Meig’s Syndrome. The right pleural effusion（胸r 膜渗漏）results from the permeation（渗透）of serous fruid（浆液的）through the diaphragmation（隔膜的）lymphatics（淋巴管）.16.库肯勃氏瘤(krukenberg’s tumor)The term krukenberg’s tu mor should be reserved for those metastatic（转移的）ovarian tumors withthe characteristic histologic picture of mucin-laden, singnet-ring cells infiltrating（渗入）a hyperplastic（增生的）ovarian stroma（基质）of spindle-shapped（梭形的）cells. It is ususlly from carcinoma of the stomach. They are usually bilateral（双侧的）of moderate size, and curiously the normal shape of the ovary is retained.17.葡萄胎(hydatidiform mole) Trophoblastic cells（滋养细胞）have different degree of proliferation（增生）。

There is significant cystic degeneration（变性、退化）of villous（绒毛的）stroma. Various size of vesiculae（水泡）are formed. Connected with small pedicle（蒂的）and looks like a cluster of grapes, so it is called hydatidiform mole.18.侵蚀性葡萄胎（invasive mole）Trophoblastic cells proliferate more market than the cell of hydatidiform mole, the villous stroma also form grape-like vesiculae due to cystic degeneration of stroma. It’s invasive ability is strong and can invade into the myometrium（肌层）and metastasize（转移）to remote places.19.功血(dysfunctional uterine bleeding ,DUB) D ysfunctionaluterine bleeding may be defined as occurence of irregular and excessive uterine bleeding, patients hare no organic disorders. Uterine bleeding is caused by dysfunction of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis(下丘脑—主体—卵巢轴)..20.卵巢早衰（premature ovarian failure）Amenorrhea(闭经) occurs before the age of forty.综合征(sheehan’s syndrome)This syndrome is due to atrophy（萎缩）of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland,caused by ischemic（缺血的）necrosis（坏死）followed severe postpartum hemorrhage（产后出血）or shock. Amenorrhea occurs with atrophy of genitalia（生殖器）,Sterility（不育）, loss of libido （性欲）and often the feature of hypothyroidism（甲状腺机能减退） such as loss of hair, dry wrinkled skin, apathy and constantly feeling cold.综合征(Asherman’s Syndrome)The syndrome refer to amenorrhea that follows distruction or elimination of the endometrium（子宫肌层）. It is usually the result of overzealous curettage（刮除术）postpartum or for therapeutic（治疗性的）abortion. The result is intrauterine scarification, which may be seen as a pattern of multiple synechiae on hysterography.23.子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis) Endometriosis is the presence offunctional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity.24.子宫腺肌病(adenomyosis) Adenomyosis means islands of endometrial tissue located deep in the myometrium（子宫肌层）.25.子宫腺肌瘤(adenomyoma) If the endometrial implants in the myometrium and is localized as a circumscribled（局部的）mass, it is called adenomyoma on section you can see a whorled（漩涡的）grayish white mass very similar to that of a fibroid（子宫肌瘤）, but no capsule （包膜）is present.26.人流综合征（artificial abortion syndrome）The major symptoms are brachycardia（心动过缓），arrhythmia（心律失常、心律不齐），hypotension （低血压），pale-faced, profuse sweating and syncope(晕厥)even convulsion(惊厥、抽搐).。