翻译技巧讲解
四级段落翻译的评分标准：
本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9 分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。 13-15分 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅， 基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 10-12分 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无 重大语言错误。 7-9分 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相 当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。 4-6分 译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相 当多的严重语言错误。 1-3分 译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有 表达原文意思。 0分 未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。
• 翻译原文 • • 许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能， 而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹 饪技艺和配料在中国各地的差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个 共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养 （ nutrition ）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是 努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又 健康。 • Many people enjoy Chinese food. Cooking is looked upon as an art as well as a skill in China. A carefully prepared Chinese dish is not only delicious to eat but also beautiful to look at. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the country. But good cooking does have something in common. it always takes into account color, flavor, taste and nutrition. As food is vital to health, good cooks always strive to strike a balance between grains, meats and vegetables, so Chinese dishes are both delicious and healthy.
• 8分参考译文
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Many people love Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded a kind of skill, but also art. Wellprepared Chinese dishes taste good besides good look. There is a big different in cooking skills and ingredients between different parts of China. But one thing which is common in good dishes is that they all consider about the color, the tasting and the nutrition. As food is so important to health, good cookers always try to make a balance between corn, meat and vegetables. As a result, Chinese dishes are delicious and healthy. （划线句为正确 句） • 评语： • 译文基本表达原文意思，但用词欠缺，语言错误相当多， 且其中很多属于重大语言错误，所以归为7-9分档。
• 2分参考译文 • Many people like China food. In China, not only a technolege make food, and also an artist. Good food is eated fine and seem's fine. How make food and make the food need what is defferent in defferent place in China. But make good food just only think the food's colour teste, feel make people and nutrition. Food is importand for health, so good people that make food is use more power for better on meat and vagitable, so Chinese food is taste good and more health. 评语： • 本译文没有一个正确的句子，全部都存在严重语法错误。 本译文为2分译文。 • 0分 • 未作答或者只有几个孤立的词，或与原文毫不相关的摘抄 为0分。在此处需要特别指出的是，学生通过关键词"中餐"， "好吃"等创作的作文，也不给分。
• 5分参考译文 • Many people like Chinese food. Cooking is not only a skill but also it is a kind of art. It is delicious and beautiful that Chinese meals carefully prepared. It is differently in cooking and material beside in Chinese. But, good meals have a common point ich color, teast and nutrition are though about. Then a good cooker is always trying their best to balance it from meat vegetables and so on. Therefore, Chinese meals are delicious and heathy. （划线句为正确句） 评语： • 译文仅表达一部分原文意思。存在用词不准确， 语言错误多等问题。所以定位为4-6分档译文。
段落翻译解题步骤
1. 通读全段，确定时态和基本句型（拆分，从句，同位语， 非谓语） 2. 分析汉语句子主干，找出主语、谓语、宾语及其他成分 3. 确定单词和短语的翻译 4. 表达句子，字迹工整，划线涂改 5. 校对翻译内容，除关注是否漏译外，尤其注意： • ❶可数名词复数，谓语第三人称单数 • ❷简单词拼写错误 • ❸是否用逗号连接两个句子 • ❹在没有并列关系的句子中是否有且只有一个谓语（两个动 词之间有没有不定式符号to） • ❺“有”的意思是否表达准确（have，there be，with） • ❻主谓是否搭配（主语是否能够发出谓语的动作，需不需要 改成被动语态） • ❼单词词性
• 2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来， 中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。 • China’s nuclear energy development stopped after the nuclear power station accident in Japan in March,2011. The approval of new nuclear power plants was suspended, and the nationwide inspection of nuclear energy safety started. 注： 1. 主语不一致，分成两句。 2. 补充介词 3. 无主句译成被动语态，或把宾语用作主语 4. 由下文可知，“中止”只是暂停，要意译。
• 11分参考译文
• Many people like Chinese food. In china, cooking is regarded not only as a kind of skill but also as a kind of art. Chinese food, which is prepared carefully, is both delicious and good looking. Cooking skills and ingredients differ greatly from place to place in China. However, good cooking shares one thing in common: color, taste, feel and nutrition are always under consideration. Since food is of vital importance to health, good cooks are always trying to be balanced with grain, meat, and vegetables. As a result, Chinese food is delicious and healthy. • 评语： • 本译文表达了绝大部分原文的意思，文字通顺连贯，用 到了复杂句式，显示出了较强的语言功底。属于 10-12 分分 数档的翻译。
中文“逗号”后面信息的表达 汉语中的句号，译成英文后仍为句号；汉语中的 逗号在翻译成英文后，可将后面的信息处理为： ① 非谓语动词结构 ② 状语 ③ 介词短语结构 ④ 定语从句结构 ⑤ 或将后面句子用and连接，写出完整句子 ⑥ 若逗号前后的信息时态不同或主语不一致，可将 其分成两个独立的句子
中文“逗号”后面信息的表达
无主语句子的翻译
• 在分析汉语句子结构时，若发现无主语，或根据上下文推断 主语，或可采取三种句型：there be句型；被动语态；形式 主语（it is + adj.+ to do sth.) • 小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。