NF
Intermodulation Distortion
BER EVM ACP Regrowth Constell. Eye
Full call sequence Pulsed S-parm. Pulse profiling
LCR/Z
I-V
Absol. Power
Gain/Flatness
Measurement plane
PM conversion
• Ensure good match when absorbing power (e.g., an antenna)
K P W R F M 9 7
Network Analyzer Basics
Copyright 2000
The Need for Both Magnitude and Phase
Y o u rIE E E 8 0 2 .3 X .2 5 IS D N s w itc h e d -p a c k e td a ta s tre a m is ru n n in g a t1 4 7 M B P S w ith a B E R o f1 .5 2 3 X 1 0 -9 ...
Receivers Tuners Converters
VCAs Amplifiers
VCOs VTFs Oscillators Modulators VCAtten’s
Transistors
Active
Copyright 2000
Device Test Measurement Model
Complex
DC CW Swept Swept Noise 2-tone Multi- Complex Pulsed-
freq power
tone modulation
Simple
Stimulus type
Protocol RF
Complex
Network Analyzer Basics
Copyright 2000
Network analyzer hardware Signal separation devices Detection types Dynamic range T/R versus S-parameter test sets
Actual
Copyright 2000
Agenda
Network Analyzer Basics
What measurements do we make? Transmission-line basics Reflection and transmission parameters S-parameter definition
Dielectrics R, L, C's
Antennas
Switches Multiplexers Mixers Samplers Multipliers
Diodes
Lowห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Passive
Network Analyzer Basics
Device type
RFICs MMICs T/R modules Transceivers
Copyright 2000
What Types of Devices are Tested?
High
Integration
Duplexers Diplexers Filters Couplers Bridges Splitters, dividers Combiners Isolators Circulators Attenuators Adapters Opens, shorts, loads Delay lines Cables Transmission lines Waveguide Resonators
• Verify specifications of “building blocks” for more complex RF systems
• Ensure distortionless transmission of communications signals
– linear: constant amplitude, linear phase / constant group delay – nonlinear: harmonics, intermodulation, compression, AM-to-
1. Complete characterization of linear networks
2. Complex impedance needed to design matching circuits
S21
S11
S22
S12
3. Complex values
needed for device
modeling
Simple
Lightwave Analogy to RF Energy
Incident Reflected
Network Analyzer Basics
Lightwave
DUT
RF
Transmitted
Copyright 2000
Why Do We Need to Test Components?
Response tool
84000 Ded. Testers
VSA SA
VNA TG/SA
SNA NF Mtr. Imped. An. Param. An. Power Mtr. Det/Scope
RFIC test
Harm. Dist.
LO stability
Image Rej.
NF
Gain/Flat. Compr'n Phase/GD AM-PM Isolation Rtn Ls/VSWR Impedance S-parameters
High-frequency transistor model
Base
Network Analyzer Basics
Collector Emitter
4. Time-domain characterization
Mag
Time
5. Vector-error correction
Error
Measured
Network Analyzer Basics
Network Analyzer Basics
Copyright 2000
Network Analysis is NOT.…
Network Analyzer Basics
R o u te r B rid g e R e p e a te r H u b