2020年高考英语时事热点拓展阅读(十六) Passage1《科学美国人》：中学生作弊被神经网络捕获。
词数285 建议阅读时间4分钟The English-language version of Wikipedia hasalmost six million articles. And if you're a cheatingstudent, that's six million essays already written for you,footnotes and all. Except plagiarism isn't really aneffective tactic—just plug the text into a search engineand game over.But what about having a ghostwriter at a paper mill compose your final essay?"Standard plagiarism software cannot detect this kind of cheating."Stephan Lorenzen, a data analyst at the University of Copenhagen. In Denmark, where he's based, ghostwriting is a growing problem at high schools. So Lorenzen and his colleagues created a program called Ghostwriter that can detect the cheats.At its core is a neural network trained and tested on 130,000 real essays from 10,000 Danish students. After reading through tens of thousands of essays labeled as being written by the same author or not, the machine taught itself to tune into the characteristics that might tip off cheating. For example, did a student's essays share the same styles of punctuation? The same spelling mistakes? Were the abbreviations the same?By scrutinizing inconsistencies like those, Ghostwriter was able to pinpoint a cheated essay nearly 90 percent of the time. The team presented the results at the European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning.And there's one more aspect here that could help students. Your high school essays presumably get better over time as you learn to write—and the machine can detect that. "The finalidea is to detect students who are at risk because their development in writing style isn't as you'd expect."Teachers could thus give extra help to kids who really need it, while sniffing out the cheaters too.重点讲解：1. and all 等等；甚至包括；He dropped his sausage on the pavement and someone's dog ate it, mustard and all.他把香肠丢在人行道上，不知是谁家的狗将香肠甚至连带芥末都吃个了精光。
2. be able to do sth. 可以…的，能够…的；It must be better to be able to offer them love and security.要是能给予他们关爱和安全感肯定会更好。
3. at risk 处境危险；有风险的；在危险中；The report underlined his concern that standards were at risk.报告强调了他对道德水准可能会受影响所表示的关注。
4. sniff out 发现；找到；Journalists are good at sniffing out a scandal. Passage2西尼罗病毒West Nile is a tropical disease that begins in birds, which pass it on to mosquitoes that then go on to infect human beings with a bite. Most people who contract West Nile do not experience any symptoms at all，but, if they do, symptoms typically develop between 3 to 14 days after a mosquito bite. About 1 in 5 persons suffers fever，headaches, and body aches, usually lasting a week or so. A far less lucky 1 in 150 experiences high fever，tremors, paralysis, and coma. Some—especially the elderly and those with weak immune systemsdie.That is what made the major outbreaks of West Nile in the U.S. in the summer of 2012 so scary. The situation was particularly bad in Dallas, Texas，where the West Nile virus killed 10 people and sickened more than 200. The city declared a state of emergency and began aerialspraying of a pesticide to kill the mosquitoes, even though residents argued that the pesticide could be more dangerous than the disease.Why was the summer of 2012 so hospitable to the West Nile virus and the mosquitoes that carry it? Blame the weather. An extremely mild winter allowed more mosquitoes than usual to survive, while the unusually high temperatures in that scorching summer further increased their number by speeding up their life cycle. The economic crisis may have also played a role: Homeowners who were not able to pay their bank loans were forced to abandon their properties, sometimes leaving behind swimming pools that made excellent mosquito breeding grounds.The severity of tropical diseases is also a matter of whether governments are capable—and willing—to defend their populations against infections. Dallas County was not doing some of the key things to slow the spread of West Nile, such as testing dead birds and setting mosquito traps to test for the presence of the disease. Tropical infections are thus as much related to government inaction as they are to climate.1. What is this passage mainly about?A. West Nile and methods to fight it.B. West Nile and governmental efficiency.C. West Nile and its relation to tropical diseases.D. West Nile and the conditions its virus spreads rapidly in.2. Which of the following statements is true about West Nile?A. Its symptoms usually appear within two weeks.B. It is spread through air and water in tropical areas.C. Over 20% of people who contract it will suffer severe symptoms.D. It comes from direct human contact with birds infected with the virus.3. What did Dallas County do to fight off West Nile?A. They asked citizens to stay away from dead birds.B. They drained the swimming pools in the county.C. They encouraged citizens to get vaccinations.D. They sprayed pesticide from the air.4. Which of the following is a reason why Dallas was hit most seriously in the U.S. in 2012?A. The weather of the previous winter was not as cold as usual.B. The residents worried about the county’s decision and action.C. The government did not issue a warning about the disease in time.D. The increasing population in Texas raised the risk of contracting the disease. Passage3现代天文学的奠基者：哥白尼Copernicus, founder of modem astronomy, was bom in 1473 to awell-to-do merchant family in Torun，Poland. He was sent off to attenduniversity in Italy, studying mathematics and optics, and canon law.Returning from his studies abroad, Copernicus was appointed to anadministrative position in the cathedral of Frauenburg. There he spent asheltered and academic life for the rest of his days.1 He made his observations from a tower situated on the protective wall around the cathedral. His observations were made with the “bare eyeball，”so to speak, as a hundred years were to pass before the invention of the telescope. In 1530，Copernicus completed his famous work De Revolutionibus, which later played a major role in changing the philosophical view of humankind’s place in the universe. 2Copernicus died in 1543 and was never to know what a stir his work would cause. In his book, he asserted that the Earth rotated on its axis once daily and traveled around the Sun onceyearly. 38 People then regarded the Earth as stationary, situated at the center of the universe, with the Sun and all the planets revolving around it. Copernicus’ theory challenged the long-held belief that God created the Heavens and the Earth, and could overturn the core values of the Catholic world. 39 Other ministers quickly followed suit，saying of Copernicus, “This fool wants to turn the whole art of astronomy upside down.”Ironically, Copernicus had dedicated his work to Pope Paul EL 40 The Church ultimately banned De Revolutionibus, and the book remained on the list of forbidden reading material for nearly three centuries thereafter.A. Copernicus died on May 24，1543 in what is now Frombork, Poland.B. The book, however, wasn’t published until two months before his death.C. If this act was an attempt to seek the Catholic Church’s approval，it was of no use.D. Copernicus returned to Poland，where he became a church administrator and doctor.E. This went against the philosophical and religious beliefs held during medieval times.F. Religious leader Martin Luther voiced his opposition to the sun-centered system model.G. In his spare time，Copernicus studied the stars and the planets, applying his math knowledge to the mysteries of the night sky.Passage4Experts say the bee population is getting smaller because of climate change and other human-caused 61 (activity ) . We are building houses and cities on land where they live, and using chemicals 62 are killing them. Last winter, U.S. beekeepers63 (lose ) almost 40% of their colonies (蜂群).Thiele, 64 beekeeper, says the usual ways people raise honey bees65 ( be ) bad for their health. He rejects the white boxes that 66 (tradition ) beekeepers use. He also refuses to use chemicals, smoke or protective clothing when he works with bees. He touches them 67 his bare hands. Thiele says his hives (蜂巢）are both a way to save bees and a personal project.While bees crawled (爬）over his hands and arms he said，“It feels so close and I feel how68 ( deep ) we belong and how important it is 69 (keep) them safe from harm.”He added that honey bees show how fragile life is. He made a 70 (far) remark, “As if they are really mirroring where we are on this time on this planet.”本期答案：“停课不停学”：2020高考英语时事热点拓展阅读(十六) Passage1 《科学美国人》：中学生作弊被神经网络捕获。