含硫气藏开发专题四国外高含硫天然气开发技术调研1—1—1摘要在高含硫气田的开采过程中会遇到比一般气田开发更多和更复杂的问题，由于 H2S 和CO2具有十分强的腐蚀性，而且H2S还具有极大的危险性，在完井、开采、集输及净化处理过程中对井下、集输和净化处理设备会造成严重腐蚀，所以在整个开发过程都需采用一些特殊的防范措施。
本专题针对渡口河、铁山坡、罗家寨气田的情况，分四个部分进行了调研：国外高含硫天然气田的完井投产：完井投产主要从以下几方面进行了调研：完井方式、完井方法的选择和完井液的选择，金属对金属密封技术在完井管柱中的应用，高含硫气井的完井管柱结构，高含硫深井的油、套管的应力设计，高含硫深井的生产油管选择，完井装备的选择，完井投产中的防腐技术等。
国外高含硫天然气田的开采：主要从井下防腐和防硫堵两方面进行了调研：国外高含硫气田井下采取的防腐措施（选用抗H2S和CO2腐蚀的材料除外），包括缓蚀剂、缓蚀剂的加注方法、腐蚀监测及监测方法；防硫沉积方面的调研包括元素硫的溶解性、硫沉积的形成；除硫措施：硫溶剂、硫溶剂的再生方法及工艺。
国外高含硫天然气田的集输：从如下方面进行了调研：集输工艺：集气方式及管网分布、集气工艺流程、集气工艺技术和设备、集气系统主要工艺参数；集输系统的腐蚀：缓蚀处理和缓蚀剂、腐蚀系统的确定、缓蚀处理和工艺；腐蚀监测：腐蚀监测的作用和方法、腐蚀监测工程分析；集输系统抗腐蚀金属材料；国外典型高含硫气田的集输系统。
国外高含硫天然气的净化：从如下方面进行了调研：世界主要国家高含硫天然气净化处理情况（包括脱硫、硫回收所采用的工艺及处理能力等），一些典型高含硫气田净化厂的工艺技术和生产运行状况，以及这些高含硫净化工艺的应用及技术进展情况等。
通过对上述方面的调研，认为从技术上和经济上开发渡口河、铁山坡、罗家寨气田是可行的，但是需从国外引进部分技术、设备和材料等。
1—1—2目录1 国外高含硫气田的分布情况…………………………………………（1—2）2 国外高含硫气井的完井投产…………………………………………（1—2）2.1 完井方法的选择······························································（1—2）2.1.1 完井液的选择 ······························································（1—2）2.1.2 金属对金属密封技术的应用 ············································（1—4）2.2 完井管柱结构·································································（1—4）2.2.1 油、套管的应力设计 ·····················································（1—4）2.2.2 生产油管的选择 ···························································（1—4）2.3 完井装备的选择······························································（1—5）2.3.1 完井的井下工具及其配套设备 ·········································（1—5）2.3.2 井口装置·····································································（1—6）2.4 含硫气井完井的主要经验教训及关键技术 ····························（1—6）2.4.1 主要经验教训……………………………………………………… (1—6).3 高含硫气田的开采（井下腐蚀与防腐及防硫沉积）………………（1—9）3.1 采取的防腐措施·····························································（1—10）3.1.1 材料··········································································（1—10）3.1.2 采用的缓蚀剂 ·····························································（1—10）3.1.3 缓蚀剂注入方法 ··························································（1—10）3.1.4 腐蚀监测····································································（1—11）3.1.5 国内含H2S和CO2气井防腐蚀缓蚀剂及其加注方法 ··············（1—11）3.2 气田硫沉积及解决对策····················································（1—12）3.2.1 元素硫的溶解性及硫沉积的形成 ·····································（1—13）3.2.2 采取的除硫措施 ··························································（1—13）4 高含硫气田的集输……………………………………………………（1—14）4.1 集输工艺······································································（1—14）4.1.1 集气方式及管网分布 ····················································（1—14）4.1.2 集气工艺流程 ·····························································（1—14）4.1.3 集气工艺技术和设备 ····················································（1—15）4.1.4 集输系统主要工艺参数 ·················································（1—15）4.2 集输系统的腐蚀·····························································（1—16）4.3 缓蚀处理和缓蚀剂··························································（1—16）4.3.1 腐蚀系统的确定 ··························································（1—16）4.3.2 缓蚀处理和工艺 ··························································（1—16）4.4 腐蚀监测······································································（1—17）4.5 集输系统抗腐蚀金属材料·················································（1—17）1—i4.6 典型气田的集输系统·······················································（1—17）4.6.1 法国拉克气田 ·····························································（1—17）4.6.2 Shell加拿大公司酸气田··················································（1—18）4.6.3 British 哥伦比亚的Grizzly valley 集输系统·························（1—18）4.6.4 加拿大East crossfield D-1气田集输系统 ·····························（1—18）4.6.5 Cave Creek Deep和Yellow Creek Deep气田集输系统 ··············（1—18）5 高含硫天然气的净化处理……………………………………………（1—19）6 认识与建议……………………………………………………………（1—21）6.1 完井投产······································································（1—21）6.2 开采············································································（1—22）6.2.1 调研结论····································································（1—22）6.2.2 硫沉积、硫溶剂及其再生工艺 ········································（1—23）6.2.3 建议··········································································（1—23）6.3 集输············································································（1—24）6.3.1 高含硫气田的集输系统 ·················································（1—25）6.3.2 国外高含硫气田集气方式 ··············································（1—25）6.3.3 国外高含硫气田的输气方式 ···········································（1—25）6.3.4 清管除垢、防硫沉积 ····················································（1—25）6.3.5 水合物防止工艺技术 ····················································（1—25）6.3.3 腐蚀控制····································································（1—26）6.3.4 建议··········································································（1—27）6.4. 净化处理 ·····································································（1—28）6.4.1 结论··········································································（1—28）6.4.2 建议··········································································（1—30）1—ii川东高含硫气田开发工艺技术研究目前世界上已发现的高含硫气藏虽为数不多，但其储量却不可忽略，尤其是在一次性能源越来越少的情况下，开发利用这部分开采难度较大的资源具有十分重要的现实意义，而且回收的硫磺是一种用途广泛的化工原料。