姜片吸虫病和前后盘吸虫病
猪小肠内姜片吸虫
Fasciolopsis buski emerging from perforation site of ileum 回肠
八、治疗-Treatment
➢ 硫双二氯酚:按60-100 mg/kg体重剂量,一次性拌 料喂服
➢ 硝硫氰胺:按3-6 mg/kg体重剂量,一次性拌料喂服 ➢ 硝硫氰醚:按20-30 mg/kg体重剂量,一次性喂服 ➢ 吡喹酮:按30-50 mg/kg体重剂量,一次性喂服
A large number of flukes found in a rumen
Rumen flukes attached to the rumen mucous membrane; the white circle shows where a worm was removed
四、致病作用-pathogenic role
五、临床症状 Clinical signs
➢少量感染不不显症状,大量寄生时,病猪表现消瘦、 发育不良和肠炎等症状。吸盘吸着之处由于机械性刺 激和毒素的作用而引起肠黏膜发炎,肿胀、腹痛、下 痢,或腹泻与便秘交替发生。虫体寄生过多(多至数 百条)时,往往发生肠阻塞,不及时治疗可能导致死 亡。
Minor infections are sometimes asymptomatic.
➢Liver tissue are generally damaged extensively, indicated by swelling 肿胀, haemorrhage 出血, discolouration 变色, necrosis 坏死, bile duct hyperplasia 增生, and fibrosis 纤维化
➢前后盘吸虫以它强大的吸盘固着在瘤胃的黏膜上, 会引起瘤胃局部损伤
➢更为重要的是它的童虫在移行过程中,可引起肠 黏膜发生卡他性炎症,乃至出血性炎症,并给其 他器官造成损伤
➢虫体的代谢产物和分泌物能引起宿主的唇、鼻翼、 鼻镜浅表的损伤
➢还能造成宿主贫血,下颌和胸下水肿
Pathogenicity & pathology
尾蚴
水 生 植 物
囊蚴
中间宿主---扁卷螺
➢ 尾蚴逸出附着在水浮莲、水葫芦、菱角、 荸荠、慈姑等水生植物上形成囊蚴
➢ 猪吞食含有囊蚴的水生植物而感染
Pop Quiz # 1
1. 简述布氏姜片吸虫形态学的典型特征? 2. 布氏姜片吸虫的中间宿主和终末宿主?
终宿主内的寄生部位?
三、流行病学Epidemiology
三、流行病学-Epidemiology
✓ 传染源:被感染牛、羊等各种动物为本病的 传染源;鹿前后盘吸虫虫卵的抵抗力很强
✓ 传播途径:经口感染 ✓ 易感宿主:中HO.主要为扁卷螺,终HO.为
多种反刍动物
三、流行病学-Epidemiology
✓分布:全国性分布,黑龙江省牛感染率 51.1%,羊为27.7%
九、预防-Prevention
➢定期驱虫:最好选用两三种药物交替使用
➢猪粪管理:堆积发酵,杜绝粪尿直接流入水生饲 料池塘内
➢消灭中间宿主:挖塘泥晒干积肥、化学药物(氯 硝柳胺—血防67、五氯酚钠和溴乙酰胺 )、生物 学方法
➢合理处理水生植物饲料:晒干、煮沸、阳光照射、 青储发酵
三、前后盘吸虫病
paramphistomiasis
概述outline
➢前后盘吸虫病是由前后盘科的各种吸虫 寄生于牛、羊等反刍动物的瘤胃引起的 一种吸虫病(平腹属寄生于盲肠和结肠)
➢当大量童虫在移行过程中寄生在小肠、 胆管、胆囊和皱胃时,可引起严重疾病, 甚至发生死亡
概述outline
➢前后盘吸虫种类多,包括:
✓ 前后盘属(Paranphistomum) ✓ 殖盘属(Cotylophoron) ✓ 腹袋属(Gastrothylax) ✓ 菲策属(Fischoederius) ✓ 卡妙属(Carmyerius) ✓ 平腹属(Homalogaster)
Symptoms of heavy infections can include: • allergic reactions 过敏 • anemia (pale skin etc.) 贫血 • ascites 腹水 • diarrhea 腹泻 • fever 发热 • obstruction of the bowel 肠阻塞 • stomach ache 胃痛 • swelling of the skin 皮肤肿胀 • toxemia (toxins in the bloodstream) 毒血症
➢ They are responsible for a serious disease called paramphistomiasis, especially in cattle and sheep.
➢ Its symptoms include profuse diarrhoea, anaemia 贫血, lethargy 嗜眠, and often result in death if untreated.
✓ 传染源:病猪、病人和带虫者 ✓ 传播途径:经口感染 ✓ 易感宿主:猪和人 ✓ 本病呈地方性流行;发现于我国长江流域
的18个省市自治区 ✓ 国外主要分布于印度、马来西亚、泰国、
越南、老挝和孟加拉国等
三、流行病学-Epidemiology
• Fasciolopsis buski is the largest intestinal fluke in humans. Fasciolopsiasis is endemic in China (including Taiwan), India, Malaysia, and South-East Asia, especially in areas, where pigs are raised and fed with freshwater plants.
✓流行季节:主要取决于当地气温和中间宿 主的繁殖发育季节以及牛羊等放牧情况;南 方可常年感染,北方主要在5-10月份感染; 多雨年份易造成本病的流行
Epidemiology
➢ Paranphistomum cervi is considered as worldwide in prevalence. It is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, including Australia, Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Russia.
➢ 瘤胃壁上有大量成虫寄生,瘤胃粘膜肿胀、 损伤
➢ 童虫移行时可造成“虫道”,使胃肠粘膜 和其它脏器受损,有多量出血点,肝脏瘀 血,胆囊膨大、胆汁稀薄,病变各处均有 多量童虫
Pop Quiz # 2
1. 鹿前后盘吸虫形态特征和 在终末宿主的寄生部位?
2. 鹿前后盘吸虫病主要分布于 全球的哪些地区?
一、形态特征
➢活体呈粉红色,肥厚,圆 锥形或纺锤形
➢口吸盘小于腹吸盘 ➢肠支长,伸过腹吸盘边缘 ➢睾丸2个,横椭圆形,前
后排列于虫体的中后部 ➢卵黄腺呈滤泡状
虫卵Eggs:呈椭圆形,淡灰色, 大小为125~132×70~80μm。
扁卷螺
About 2 kg of flukes taken from a cow
• According to some estimates there are over 10 million infected people in East Asia.
四、致病作用
✓ 口腹吸盘紧紧吸肠黏膜,使吸着部位发生 机械性损伤,引起肠炎,肠黏膜脱落、出 血,甚至发生脓肿。
✓ 感染强度高时可对肠道造成机械性阻塞, 甚至引起肠破裂或肠套叠而死亡。
六、病理变化 pathologic change
➢ 姜片吸虫吸附在十二指肠及空肠上段黏膜内, 肠黏膜炎症、水肿、点状出血及溃疡。大量寄 生时可引起肠阻塞,剖检时可检出大量虫体。
七、诊断 Diagnosis
➢ Microscopic identification of eggs ✓ direct feces smear ✓ water sedimentation method ➢ Or more rarely of adult flukes, in stool or vomitus ➢ Necropsy
➢ The most debilitating cases are reported in Europe from Bulgaria 保加利亚, Italy, France, and Poland and also in Asia from India, China, and Thailand.
➢ The parasitic infection was first described from Punjab 旁遮普, India.
➢When the young flukes start to gather in the intestine, there is a watery and fetid 恶臭 diarrhoea which is often associated with high mortality (even up to 80-90%) in ruminants.
➢ They are found throughout the world, and most abundantly in livestock farming regions such as Australia, Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Russia.
鹿前后盘吸虫 Paramphistomum cervi
➢ 虫体宽大肥厚,似斜切姜片 ➢ 腹吸盘漏斗状,较口盘大4-5倍 ➢ 无头椎和肩部 ➢ 2条盲肠弯曲向后达虫体后端,无分枝 ➢ 2个分支状睾丸纵列于虫体后半部,分界明显 ➢ 1个分支卵巢位体中部稍后纵中线附近 ➢ 成虫20-75×8-20 mm