英语单词常用前缀和后缀前缀一.表示否定的前缀1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disabled(有残疾的) disadvantage(缺点)disagree (不同意)disarm(解除武装)disconnect(失去联系)2.in-加在形容词,名词之前incorrect(不正确的), inactive(不积极的), informal(非正式的), infamous( 声名狼藉的),3.im-加在字母m, b, p之前impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impatient (没耐心的)4.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前unfortunate(不幸的), unhappy(不高兴的), unlucky(不幸运的), unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)5.non-加在形容词,名词前non-existence(不存在),non-violence(非暴力),non-electrical (非电的)6.mis-加在动词、名词之前misuse(误用,滥用), misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),7.anti-加在名词、形容词之前anti-Japanese(抗日战争的),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antifreeze(防冻剂)二.表示“前before”的前缀1.pre- preconception(成见),pre-existing(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的)preface(前言)prefix(前缀), preposition(介词).2.fore- forehead(前额),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言)3.ex- ex-president(前任总统),ex-wife(前妻)三.表示“后-post”的前缀1.post- post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午)四.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀1.re- repeat(重复),rebirth(重生),retranslate(再译),rebuild(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回)五.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀1.co- co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校),六.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀1.inter- international(国际的), interchangeable(可互换的),interdependent(互相依靠的)七.其它的前缀1.auto-自动automatic(自动的),autobiography(自传)2.mal-坏,恶malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)3.micro- microscope(显微镜),Microsoft(微软),microtome(切片机),microwave(微波) 4.tele-远telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜),tele-education(远程教育),5.demi-, semi- hemi- semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)6.bi-, di- 二biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物),bicycle(自行车)7.tri-三triangle(三角),tripod(三角架),tricycle(三轮车), trilogy(三部曲)8.multi-多multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的),multimedia(多媒体), multi-gym(多功能健身器)9.trans-通过,横过transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),transparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植)10.com-,con-, cor-, col-共同,和,完全comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation (相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)11.en-,em-往……里,使……encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),empower(给。
的权力)12.deci-,deca-十decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克)13.centi-百centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)14.milli-千millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米)15.kilo-千kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)16.mini-小的,短的bus(公共汽车)—minibus(小型公共汽车)skirt(裙子)—miniskirt17.mid中间的day(天, 白天)—midday(正午)night(夜, 夜晚)—midnight(午夜)后缀一.名词后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)ee 意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor employee(职工, 雇员, 店员)interviewee (被接见者, 被访问者)2.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability3.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful 8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:organization,foundation9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement 10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage二、动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify 2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate三、形容词后缀:常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;having the quality of)例词:troublesome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词:changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped 9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词:historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive 四、副词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)例词:happily,boldly,strangely 2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward (s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)练习巩固题。