Education作业（注意它是可数名词，与homework不同）n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent ；青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教学法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生分开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思考think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反馈students’ feedback学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科（通称）；纪律n. discipline 管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education 职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参与n. participation ≈involvement干扰n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获取vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student- centered熟练掌握……be proficient in榜样role model同龄人n. peer对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护adj. overprotective动力n. motivation沮丧n. frustration家长给小孩的教育n. parenting用批判的眼光去看问题的能力critical thinking abilities（某方面的）意识n. awareness (of)有创造力的adj. creative / original对……非常熟悉adj. well-acquainted (with)表现出色perform well为……打好基础lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊严n. dignity评估n. evaluation对……非常好的掌握n. mastery好奇心n. curiosity精英n. elite应试教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉迷于……indulge in …发人深思的adj. thought- provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童n. preschooler对文字技能的掌握n. literacy对数学知识的掌握n. numeracy误入歧途go astray给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors溺爱vt. spoil青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺负（当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思）vt.& n. bully逃学n. truancy很有启发的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/ mental (or intellectual) and emotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’ grasp (or command) of what has been taught就业技能employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。
Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.死记硬背learn things by rote为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization’s own sake责任感a sense of obligation/ duty/ res-ponsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws盲从follow sth. blindly/ follow sth. indiscriminately限制创造力的发展extinguish/ stifle/ constrain creativity打击学生的积极性dampen ( or sap ) the students’ enthusiasm/ frustrate the students产生不必要的压力beget/ create undue pressure塑造某人的性格mold one’s character来自其他同学的压力peer pressure逆境n. adverse circumstances/ adversity鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage the students to think critically课外活动extra-curricular activities学校是社会的缩影。
A school is society in miniature.不遵守纪律n. indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief违反纪律的学生disruptive/ unruly students理论知识theoretical knowledge双语的adj. bilingual形容人嘴特碎的adj. nagging有趣的adj. stimulating认知的adj. cognitive监护人n. guardian中学毕业当年成绩最优秀的学生n. valedictorian大学毕业成绩最顶尖graduate summa cum laude阐明，解释清楚vt. illuminate（学生）自我管理n. autonomy启迪n. edification具体一门课的内容n. syllabusTechnology非常先进的adj. state-of-the-art尖端的adj. cutting-edge彻底变革vt. revolutionize自动化的adj. automated机械化的adj. mechanized电脑生成的adj. computer-generated组装线assembly line大规模生产mass-production省钱的adj. cost-effective/ economical深刻改变vt. transform突破n. breakthrough打破（传统的）界限break boundaries无限的可能endless possibilities发展v.&n. advance信息过剩information overload信息爆炸information explosion自给自足n. self-sufficiency虚拟世界the virtual world脱离现实be detached from reality（电脑的）摄像头n. webcam不可想象的adj. inconceivable远程通讯n. telecommunications高生产率的adj. productive自动化n. automation可利用的adj. available新颖的adj. novel耐用的adj. durable对用户友好的，方便使用的adj. user-friendly常规的adj. conventional增进，提高vt. enhance = boost加速speed up/ accelerate生产，制造vt. manufacture标准化的adj. standardized印刷机printing press电报n. telegraph外科手术n. surgery采用vt. adopt在家远程上班n. telecommuting网络银行（业务）online banking提高效率augment/ enhance/ boost efficiency提高生产效率augment/ enhance/ boost productivity 减少人力的机器labor-saving machinery取代人力的机器labor-replacing machinery自动化n. automation生物技术n. biotechnology克隆v. clone远程通讯n. telecommunications太空探索space exploration/ space probe人的基因构成one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming创新n. innovations有独创性的，精巧的adj. ingenious以惊人的速度at a staggering rate超轻的adj. ultra-lightweight超薄的adj. ultra-thin便携的adj. portable天线n. antenna器官移植organ transplant心脏起搏器n. pacemaker交易n. transactions载人登月manned landing on the Moon载人航天器manned spacecraft通讯卫星telecommunications satellite气象卫星weather satellite/ meteorological satellite发射台launch pad哈勃太空望远镜the Hubble Space Telescope防弹背心bulletproof vest尖端的技术cutting-edge technology信息爆炸information explosion ( or over-load)信息时代the information age ( or era)互联网的广泛应用the proliferation of the Internet/ the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet科技创新及发展technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressionsMedia好奇心n. curiosity可靠的adj. dependable/ trustworthy报道n. coverage成为头条新闻make headlines有新闻价值的adj. newsworthy信息量大的adj. informative娱乐性强的adj. entertaining商品n. commodity商业化的adj. commercialized隐私n. privacy收视率n. ratings指某种事物在互联网、媒体或者公众中快速传开go viral评价过高的adj. overrated记者n. journalists新闻界the press（多半指女孩子）追星族n. groupies追星族n. teenybopper某种文化的代表人物，如体育、音乐或电影等的最优秀人物n. icon演员在影视作品或者广告中突然成功make a splash澄清vt. clarify审查n. censorship夸大事实blow things out of proportion完全与世隔绝entirely cut off from the outside world（媒体）影响（公众意见）vt. sway电视、收音机或者互联网上的广告n. commercial小传单广告n. flyer大幅广告牌n. billboard海报n. poster小报儿n. tabloid有奖竞猜节目quiz show真人秀reality show情景喜剧n. sitcom肥皂剧soap opera综艺节目variety show时事current affairs印刷媒体the print media电子媒体the electronic media报道新闻的机构news outlets充斥着……be awash with/ be inundated with/ be saturated with审查v. censor删除v. delete/ eliminate/ excise过多的暴力与色情内容excessive (or gratuitous ) violent and pornographic contents 有误导性的adj. misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted诈骗性的adj. fraudulent虚假的adj. false/ bogus报道非常详尽的细节report sth. in graphic detail夸大事件exaggerate things/ sensationalize things/ blow things out of all proportions 公正客观的objective and balanced揭露v. expose/ reveal侵犯隐私violate (or intrude on/ infringe on ) someone’s privacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/ sully/ smear/ besmirch one’s reputation狗仔队n. ( pl.) paparazzi名人n. ( pl.) celebrities丑闻n. scandals掩盖v. cover up/ gloss over/ whitewash客观的adj. objective不客观的adj. biased/ skewed/ unobjective如实的描述factual accounts可信的adj. reliable/ trustworthy/ dependable及时的up-to-date/ up-to-minute道德准则code of ethics/ code of conduct监督vt. scrutinize无处不在的adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent荒唐的，可笑的adj. absurd/ ludicrous高调的/低调的adj. high-profile/ low-profile独家新闻exclusive news（明星的）光环the glitz and glamour魅力四射的adj. glamorous处在公众注意力的焦点in the spotlight/ in the limelight媒体炒作media hype传闻n. gossip捏造的adj. fabricatedSuccess决心n. determination座右铭n. motto家喻户晓的名字a household name有一定成就的（形容人）adj. established辉煌的adj. glorious绝望n.&vi. despair适应能力强的adj. adaptable名望n. fame（很高的）声望n. prestige名声n. reputation不幸n. misfortune概率n. probability残疾的adj. disabled在某方面成功succeed in sth.态度n. attitude毅力n. tenacity/ perseverance一种直接而且被证明有效的去除……的方法a proven and straightforward way to do sth. 努力去做的事情n. commitment/ undertaking/ endeavor很有本事极容易成功的人go-getter很多人都希望得到的adj. highly-sought-after逆境n. adversity/ hardship很渴望得到……have a yearning/ longing/ craving for sth.个人通过自身努力获得更高社会地位的可能性upward mobility优秀的adj. remarkable→excellent→outstanding→distinguished意志力n. willpower挫折n. setback坚忍不拔的adj. rugged顽固的adj. stubborn决定性的，有决断力的adj. decisive不可逾越的adj. insurmountable某方面技能很高be adept in不知名的，默默无闻的adj. obscure身份和地位的象征status symbol战略，行动安排n. strategy坚持adhere to对手n. rival不切实际的幻想n. illusion不可缺少的，绝对必要的adj. indispensable深思熟虑的adj. well-thought-out从贫穷到富有的成功故事a rags-to-riches story 昙花一现be a flash in the pan长处n. (pl.) strengths弱点n. (pl.) weaknesses重大的过错n. blunder可以原谅的错误n. peccadillo有魅力的adj. charismaticWork焦虑n. anxiety分配vt. assign冲突v.&n. conflict热情地接受v. embrace尝试n.&v. attempt竞争激烈的adj. competitive技巧很高的adj. accomplished在……方面很出众vi. excel in …蓝领n. blue-collar白领n. white-collar谈判n. negotiation应试技巧n. technique胜利n. triumph反馈n. feedback工作非常勤奋的adj. industrious建设性的adj. constructive有压力的adj. stressful令人筋疲力尽的adj. exhausting高薪/底薪工作high-paying jobs/ low-paying jobs 工资过高的adj. overpaid升级vt.&n. upgrade同事n. colleague同事n. coworker同事（蓝领）n. workmate明确的目标clear-cut/ specific goals员工的热情staff morale可行的adj. feasible耗时间的adj. time-consuming妥协n.&v. compromise牺牲n.&v. sacrifice责任分配delegation of responsibilities工作量n. workload心理压力psychological strain裁员n. layoff/ downsizing尽职尽责的adj. conscientious当名词时是“做某事的途径”，当动词时是“靠近”n.&vt. Approach (to) 招聘vt. recruit激烈的竞争stiff/ fierce competition高水准的adj. high-caliber重大错误n. blunder有热情的adj. enthusiastic讨厌的人或东西n. nuisance自我表达n. self-expression自我印象，对自己的评价n. self-image自尊n. self-esteem远程会议n. teleconference/ teleconferencing一种很知足的状态n. contentment评价，评估n. assessment/ evaluation时间限制，时间上的制约n. time constraints不愿意去做某事be reluctant to do sth./ be unwilling to do sth.“工作”的正式说法n. profession/ occupation事业n. career天职n. calling敬业精神work ethic职业水准n. professionalism很高的专业素养n. expertise经验丰富的adj. experienced工作单位n. workplace白手起家的创业者n. entrepreneur事业心强的adj. enterprising艰巨的adj. daunting/ formidable睡眠严重不足的adj. sleep-deprived（人）闲着的，（物品）闲置的adj. idle重要的adj. significant→essential→vital狂热n. zeal十分投入的adj. devoted/ fervent/ ardent高尚的adj. lofty/ noble工作满意度job satisfaction稳定性n. stability非常难做的工作back-breaking work给人的精神压力很大的adj. nerve-racking和压力有关的疾病stress-induced diseases努力exert oneself满足感n. gratification合作vi. collaborate (with)就业技能employable skills人际交往能力interpersonal skills职业前景career prospects重复性的adj. repetitive自由职业者n. freelancer自雇的self-employed people人员，员工（集合概念）n. personnel有竞争力的adj. competent完美的adj. flawless失眠n. insomnia加班work overtime工作狂n. workaholic激励物，奖励条件n. incentive奖励，回报n. reward以身作则lead by example团结n. solidarity一致n. unity苛刻的adj. demanding薪酬n. compensation抱怨vt. whine员工福利fringe benefits/ perks/ employee benefits 偏执的adj. compulsive礼仪n. etiquette合作n. collaboration超级忙碌的adj. hecticGovernment废除（法律、制度等）vt. abolish实施vt. implement使……合法化vt. legalize首要任务n. priority建立vt. establish减轻、缓解vt. alleviate =ease =relieve当局the authorities禁止vt. forbid/ prohibit立法n. legislation税收tax revenue民主的adj. democratic高效率的adj. efficient优化资源分配optimize the distribution of res-ources稳定n. stability解决vt. Combat = tackle = resolve = address = grapple with严厉的，严格的adj. stringent短视的adj. short-sighted支出，花费n. expenditure社会保险social security老百姓n. citizens/ the citizenry规范，管理v. regulate/ monitor/ oversee严禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether严格的法律stringent laws/ legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的adj. mandatory/ compulsory监督n. scrutiny监督v. scrutinize/ monitor为……拨款allocate money to sth./ be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth. 预算n. budget政府开支the government spending/ expenditure on sth.削减v. curtail增加v. augment当务之急n. priority把……当作当务之急give priority to sth.责任n. duty/ responsibility/ obligation军备竞赛n. arms race自卫n. self-defense国土安全national security/ homeland security缺乏远见的政策short-sighted policy扩张n. expansion/ aggression谋求霸权seek/ pursue hegemony恶性循环a vicious circle地区不稳定因素destabilizing factors规章制度rules and regulations太空竞赛space race武器n. arms/ weapons/ armaments下岗工人laid-off workers/ downsized workers失业n. unemployment/ joblessness基础设施n. infrastructure公共交通系统public transportation/ transit system电网power grid石油天然气管线pipelines给排水系统water supply and drainage system民主与开明的政府a democratic and progressive government临时的应急措施a stopgap measureFriends察觉到vt. detect外貌n. appearance吸引，吸引力n. attraction喜欢社交的adj. sociable忠实的adj. loyal志向ambition陪伴n. company（人）动手能力强的，（物品）轻便的adj. handy乐于并善于合作的adj. cooperative有条理的adj. organized聪明的adj. intelligent有天赋的，有才华的adj. gifted/ talented体育好的adj. athletic无忧无虑的，乐天派的happy-go-lucky/ carefree相互的adj. mutual有艺术气息的adj. artistic真诚的adj. sincere直率的adj. candid/ frank背叛vt. betray敌意n. animosity/ antagonism靠不住的朋友fair-weather friend好感，关爱n. affection拥抱n.&vt. hug安慰某人vt. reassure sb./ comfort sb.肤浅的，表面化的adj. superficial/ shallow表述清晰的，口才好的adj. eloquent永恒的adj. eternal活泼的，活跃的adj. lively谦虚的adj. modest尴尬的adj. awkward对自己所处状态感到紧张或缺乏自信的心态adj. self-conscious 两难的困境n. dilemma确定性n. certainty真实的，真正的adj. genuine低估v. underestimate美德n. virtue调解v. reconcile荒唐可笑的adj. absurd/ ridiculous很烦人的adj. irritating承受力或者恢复能力强的adj. resilient低调的adj. low-profile/ low-key很支持的adj. supportive有感染力的adj. contagious豁达的，接受能力强的adj. open-minded狭隘的生活态度a parochial outlook toward life喜欢独处的solitary内向的adj. reserved富有同情心的adj. compassionate不爱多说话的adj. reticent让某人逐渐放得开bring a person out of his/ her shell本意虽好但把事情做砸了的adj. well-intentioned/ well-meaning 自我欺骗n. self-deception爱骗人的adj. deceitful自信的adj. assertive/ self-assured容忍的adj. tolerant机灵的adj. witty有智慧的adj. wise体贴人的adj. considerate/ thoughtful理解他人的，善解人意的adj. understanding口齿清楚的，表达能力强的adj. articulate很逗的adj. amusing极度搞笑的adj. hilarious过于自我的adj. egotistical漠然的adj. indifferent (to )孤立的adj. isolated喜欢虚荣的adj. vain懒散的adj. laid-back很友善的adj. congenial优雅的adj. elegant≈graceful好朋友n. chum花束n. bouquet杰出的adj. prominent（人）老练的，（工具）复杂高端的adj. sophisticated顽强的adj. touch琐碎的adj. trivialOld vs. Young风俗习惯n. custom尊敬的adj. respectful很有活力的adj. energetic ≈dynamic有前途的adj. promising保守的adj. conservative根深蒂固的adj. entrenched/ ingrained悔恨的adj. rueful常规n. norm做事很主动的adj. proactive老式的adj. old-fashioned过时的adj. antiquated/ outdated恶化vi. deteriorate过时了的，没人用了的adj. obsolete僵化不变的adj. fossilized人均寿命life expectancy史无前例的adj. unprecedented ≈groundbreaking某事物并不是一成不变的is/ are not carved in stone不实际的adj. impractical/ unrealistic沉思n. reflection怀旧的adj. nostalgic空巢综合症empty-nest syndrome中年危机midlife crisis困惑的adj. confused/ bewildered/ puzzled迷失了方向的adj. disoriented心态n. mindset成熟n. maturity有活力的adj. dynamic挥之不去linger in one’s mind退休状态或者退休后的时间n. retirement退了休的老人n. retiree老年公寓retirement home养老保险retire-ment plan/ pension plan1~2岁的小朋友n. baby/ infants走路摇摇晃晃的那种孩子n. toddlers13~19岁的孩子teens/ teenagers未成年人n. kids/ children十几岁的孩子n. adolescent20/30/40……多岁的人们people in their 20s/ 30s/ 40s …中年人middle-aged people老年人retire people/ pensioners/ seniors/ the elderly年长者n. seniority祖先n. ancestors老龄化社会aging society = graying society反动派（的）n.&adj. reactionary松弛的皮肤sagging skin历史悠久的adj. time-honored永恒的adj. timeless过去的好时光the good old days皱纹n. wrinkle花白的头发salt-and-pepper hair/ pepper-and-salt hair分清是非distinguish right from wrong相互了解mutual understanding逝去vt. fade蹒跚vi. stagger老兵n. veteran主动努力地去回忆vt. recall温情回顾reminisce about温情回顾（名词版）the fond memories of …向……致敬pay tribute to贬低vt. denigrateTransportation交通堵塞traffic jam= traffic congestion危险的路况treacherous road conditions公交public transit磁悬浮列车magnetically-levitated trains轻轨sky train有轨电车streetcar/ tram/ trolley渡轮n. ferry横冲直撞road rage蛮不讲理的司机aggressive drivers不负责任地开车reckless driving酒后驾车drunk driving肇事者n. culprit/ offender每天经过长距离去上班的人们n. commuter交通量traffic volume/ volume of traffic交通方式modes/ means of transportation交通工具n. vehicle下降n.&vi. decline人口稠密的adj. densely-populated激增vi. soar拥挤的adj. packed/ crowded被挤在……里be squished up人口爆炸，人口激增population explosion/ population boom 提高征税impose higher taxes on行人n. pedestrian罚款vt.&n. fine行人公交像沙丁鱼罐头那么拥挤adj. sardine-packed危险的adj. hazardous地铁的一节车厢subway car加长轿车n. limo车队n. fleet拼车n.&vi. car-pool大都市的adj. metropolitan过度拥挤n. overcrowding撞车n. collision/ car accident人口密度density of population高架桥，过街天桥n. overpass地下过街通道n. underpass内燃机internal combustion engine柴油机n. diesel engine蒸汽驱动的adj. steam-driven汽油驱动的adj. petrol-driven以氢气为动力的adj. hydrogen-driven混乱的adj. chaotic马拉的观光车horse-drawn carriage欧洲古代的战车n. chariotEnvironment污染物n. pollutant尽可能减少，最小化vt. minimize倾倒vt. dump循环使用vt. recycle灌溉n. irrigation居住于……vt. inhabit节约使用v. conserve保护v. preserve再利用v. reuse/ recycle短缺n. shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack污染v. pollute生态系统the ecosystem有益于环保的adj. eco-friendly环境恶化environmental degradation/ environmental deterioration 当地的居民local resident/ local inhabitants紫外线ultraviolet (UV) rays皮肤癌skin cancer防晒霜n. sunscreen有毒的adj. poisonous/ toxic无毒的adj. non-toxic免疫系统immune system一次性的adj. disposable（人）吸入vt. inhale负面影响adverse effects沙尘暴n. sandstorm砍伐森林n. deforestation可以被环境吸收的adj. biodegradable联合的joint effort/ concerted effort国际社会而不是国际社区the international community 臭氧层ozone layer对……形成压力put a strain on…有环保意识的adj. environmentally-conscious不可逆的adj. irreversible化学反应chemical reactions安静的，宁静的tranquil and serene有限的自然资源limited/ finite natural resources替代性能源alternative energy商品包装的总称n. packaging污染vt. contaminate二氧化碳排放carbon dioxide emission(s)汽车尾气exhaust fumes酸雨acid rain冰川n. glacier排放（污染物）vt. discharge可持续发展sustainable development节约vt. conserve植被n. vegetation光合作用n. photosynthesis太阳能solar energy风能wind energy核能nuclear energy水电n. hydropower烟雾重的adj. smoggy呼吸系统疾病respiratory disease极大的痛苦n. agony人造的adj. artificial改变，变更vt. alter适当的adj. appropriate愤慨的adj. indignant鼓励环保go green开采自然资源exploit natural resources热带雨林n. rainforests侵蚀vt. erode连锁反应chain reaction水波效应，连锁反应ripple effect蝴蝶效应，连锁反应butterfly effect彻底改变我们的生活reshape our lives贫瘠的土地barren/ infertile land肥沃的土地fertile land警惕n.&vt. caution化肥chemical fertilizer杀虫剂n. pesticide丰富的，充裕的adj. abundant辐射n. radiation（多指对环境、建筑等）破坏wreak havoc on sth.恶化v. deteriorate/ aggravate生态平衡ecological balance ecological equilibrium可持续发展sustainable development环保主义者n. environmentalists/ conservationists对环境无害的adj. environmentally-friendly各国必须携手解决环境问题countries on this planet must join forces/ make a concerted effort unite/ combat environmental problems增强公众关于……的意识raise (or elevate) the public awareness of sth.让资源承受很大压力put a strain on the resources/ stretch resources to the limit破坏自然环境wreak havoc on natural resources砍伐森林n. deforestation增加农产品产量boost crop yield可再生资源renewable resources消耗v. consume/ deplete用尽use up exhaust严厉的措施n. harsh actions/ measures某一地区所有生物总称the wildlife in a region生物的多样性n. biodiversity污水n. effluent/ sewage温室效应greenhouse effect严重的adj. severe白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbage谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone sth.肥沃的土壤fertile soil贫瘠的土壤infertile soil耕地n. arable landMoney珍贵的adj. precious/ valuable毫无价值的adj. worthless不安全感n. insecurity节俭的adj. thrifty/ frugal省钱的adj. economical保持收支平衡make ends meet紧张的预算a tight budget奢侈的adj. extravagant/ lavish/ luxurious时尚的adj. stylish身无分文的adj. penniless昂贵的adj. costly（商店或者餐厅等）高档的adj. upscale聚敛vt. amass精致的，精美的adj. exquisite天价exorbitant price“高端的”，可以指服务场所，也可以指商品adj. top-end/ high-end 低端的adj. low-end不仅是好运，也经常指财富n. fortune富有的adj. wealthy/ affluent贫穷的adj. impoverished/ needy富人与穷人the haves and the have-nots抵抗vt. resist诱惑n. temptation服装n. outfit财产n. property/ possessions地位和身份的象征n. status symbol顾客n. patron公司的或者律师等专业人士的客户n. client需求n. demand欲望n. desire贪欲n. greed妒忌（形容词jealous）n. jealousy无法抵制的adj. irresistible有诱惑力的adj. tempting慷慨n. generosity慈善事业或者慈善组织n. charity慈善事业n. philanthropy生活很悲惨lead a wretched existence捐赠vt. donate看不起vt. despise贬低vt. denigrate粗活儿menial jobsLeisure短期旅行n. excursion观光n. sightseeing有导游的旅行conducted tour/ guided tour跟团游package tour自助游self-conducted tour/ self-guided tour异域风情的adj. exotic有益环保的旅游n. ecotourism背包族n. backpacker旅游景点tourist attraction/ tourist spot旅行社travel agency纪念品n. souvenir探索vt. explore古代留下来的东西n. relics城堡n. castle手工制品n. handicrafts文物n. artifacts珍惜vt. cherish收藏n. collection美术馆，画廊n. gallery开阔某人的眼界expand one’s outlook/ vision抽象画abstract painting具象画representational painting风景画landscape painting静物画still life painting人像画n. portrait油画oil painting壁画n. mural/ fresco雕刻n. carving萝卜青菜，各有所爱。