广西师范大学硕士学位论文电影艺术的审美特征研究姓名：周晓鸣申请学位级别：硕士专业：美学指导教师：朱寿兴20070401电影艺术的审美特征研究研究生：周晓鸣导师：朱寿兴教授专业：美学研究方向：文艺美学年级：2004级中文摘要“电影艺术的审美特征研究”是一个具有重大现实意义的研究课题。
无论是从电影理论的讨论，还是从电影生存现状来看，学术界对电影的本体和电影的艺术形态问题，还没有达到本质性的认识，电影艺术的创作实践则在“作者论”艺术电影与“大众化”商业电影之间不断修正，不同的电影观促成了不同的实践和结果，任何的偏离都可能造成了电影与观众关系的错位，造成了电影对大众的无意疏离。
因而我们必须对电影审美特征进行再认识，促使电影艺术本体的突显，既保持其艺术品性，又保留其具有娱乐功能，最大限度地实现其现代文化价值。
本文立足于电影本体，探析电影媒介的艺术特征。
作为电影媒介的影像，具有“实录现实”和“审美现实”的双重特征，是对现实物象进行审美创造的结果；二维平面的影像具有空间转换和时间交替的暗示功能，形成二维平面的三维效果，并转化为四维时间中延续的视觉幻像，形成一种既具有空间性又具有时间性的时空幻觉；影像作为艺术符号，其表意特征在指义的直观、具象性和表义方式的肖似性与抽象性统一、直述义与含蓄意并存。
并将电影与其他艺术样式进行比较以寻求电影艺术之特质。
作为一种综合艺术，电影的主要艺术特征表现为银幕时空的复合性和银幕空间的外向性，影像包孕现实的实录性及虚幻的在场性。
“以实写虚”表现手法、本真性的表演，具象性、直观性的形象呈现也是电影艺术所具有的特性。
电影以其所独具的具像性、直观性、多元素复合性，以及由多级表意生成系统构成的复合审美空间，与影像审美信息的单向性传递，共同决定了电影艺术审美接受活动的被动性、当下性、综合性和流动性的特征。
电影是依靠物质机械、受技术机制影响最深的现代艺术样式，技术因素在电影的美感生成中起着极重要的作用。
特写与剪辑技术具有重要的表意功能，能够把事物从日常生活的背景中以特殊的方式突现出来，将物自体变成现象，使世界现象化，产生丰富审美意味的具象。
场面调度通过对摄影机机位和拍摄角度的调控，意化现实，使画面具有象征意义和审美内涵；场面调度还可以通过单纯化、特殊化等超常规方式创造出表现性的造型，突出空间的象征意义，丰富画面的内在神韵。
在电影作品中，光影技术不仅是叙述工具，还是感觉、气氛的营造者，光线以其特有的象征和表意功能，使影像表现出某些寓意和意韵，使画面哲理化，形成画外之意、韵外之致；声音技巧的运用可以进一步拓展观众的想象空间，通过同期音和非同期音与画面形成对比、对位的关系，表现画面所没有的深层意蕴，产生隐喻、象征艺术效果。
数字技术在电影创作中的运用，替代了镜头前的表演者，生成没有现实来源和模本、但在视觉表象上具有逼真外观的虚拟现实，给人视觉以“超真实之美”，使电影与现实的界限消解，世界由物退到物的影像。
本文最后讨论电影的审美文化意义。
电影因其社会化、技术化特点而成为艺术家族中最具大众文化品性的艺术，它以现代城市平民的日常生活作为主要叙述对象，使电影成为大众与日常生活积极对话的艺术载体。
电影努力迎合大众的情感需求，既有与观众接受水平相适应的常规叙事，也触及社会心理的敏感区域，寻求与平民大众的情感反应同频共振。
电影艺术中符号抽象性的隐退及语言形式的视觉化，形成了影像美感的单一性，促成了影像语言的大众化。
影视的娱乐性本质上是带有审美升华的各种快感综合而成的观赏性，娱乐性元素使观众获得更多地是感官层面的感受及体验，而较少理性层面的思考，而重塑了人们认知和体验世界的方式，同时又具有怡情适性、渲泄郁闷的作用。
同时电影艺术的娱乐性因素以尊重人作为一个完整意义上的个体而存在，疏离观众对意识形态的关注，消解民众的政治热情。
电影艺术的仪式性则促使个人打破狭隘的生活体验，进入公共场域，在集体性的欣赏活动中体验集体性的情绪，并获得强烈的归属感，进入到一种轻度的狂欢状态之中。
电影艺术的美育作用主要表现在通过直观的影像形式进行审美教育，以独到的方式促进个体的直觉体验能力的完善。
关键词：审美特征；影像；超真实美；大众文化；娱乐性The Study on the Esthetic Characteristic of Movie ArtGraduate:Zhou xiaoming Tutor: Prof. Zhu Shouxing Speciality: AestheticsResearch direction: Aesthetics of Literary and Art Grade: 2004AbstractThe Study on the Esthetic Characteristic of Movie Art is a research with practical significance. An essential understanding of the movie itself and the form of movie art has not been achieved in academic circles no matter from the theoretical study and the present situation of movie. The creative practice of movie art is getting revised between the disputes of art movie with “author-oriented” and of commercial movie with “mass-oriented”. Different views on movies bring different practice and result, and any deviation will possibly create a dislocation between the relationship of the movie and the audience, consequently, the movie will unintentionally alienate from the mass. As a result, a re-understanding of the esthetic characteristic of movie art must be carried on to fully reveal the essential characteristics of the movie in order to keep its art nature and entertainment function, as well as realize its modern culture value to a maximum degree.This thesis, based on the movie itself, explores and analyzes the artistic characteristic of movie. The images of the movie medium enjoy dual characteristics of “the factual recording of reality” and “the esthetic reality”, and are the result of esthetic creation to the realistic physical ones. The images of two-dimensional surface have hint functions of spatial transformation and time alternation; in turn, they create three-dimensional effect with two-dimensional surface and transform into continuous visual mirages in four-dimensional space, and finally form illusion of both space and time. Being artistic mark, movie images have the characteristics of directly expressing meaning, combining the concrete and abstract way of expressions with direct and implicative ones.This thesis, by comparing movie with other artistic styles, tries to seek the special characteristics of movie art. As a comprehensive art, the main artistic characteristics of movie are the composition and extroversion of time and space on the screen, the reality of factual recordings and the imaginary presentation, as well as the application of real description of fiction, the true performance, the embodiment, the direct presentation of the images and so on. All these characteristics make the esthetic acceptance of movie art get the nature of passivity, temporariness, comprehensiveness and mobility.Movie is a modern art based on material machinery and influenced by technical mechanism, so technical factor plays an extremely vital role in producing the esthetic sense of a movie. The close-ups and editing technology have important function of presenting meaning, which can magnify in a special way the scenes from the background of daily life, turn the physical objects into phenomenon so as to transform the world into phenomenon and produce rich esthetic connotation. By adjusting the camera location and the shooting angle, the scenes arrangements embody the reality meaning, enabling the pictures having symbolic significance and the esthetic connotation. By the specific ways of simplification and specialization and so on, the scenes arrangements can also produce performance models, prominent spatial symbolic significance, enrich theintrinsic charm of the pictures. In the movie work, the light technology is not only a narrating tool, but also the producer of feeling and atmosphere. The light, through its unique symbolic and connotative function, enables the images display certain implications and thought, and the pictures philosophic with extra meaning. The utilization of sound skill can further develop audience's imagination, for by contrasting the pictures to the simultaneous or un-simultaneous sound, the profound meaning which the pictures don’t contain can be presented, so as to create a metaphor and symbolic art effect. The digital technology used during the making of movie can replace the actors and actresses in front of the lens, for it can create a fictional reality that doesn’t have real origin but enjoys a true visual presentation. This “ultra-reality esthetic” on vision dispels the boundary between the reality and the movie and makes the world drew back from the object to the object images.At last, this thesis discusses the esthetic cultural significance of movie. Because of its socialization and technological characteristic, movie becomes the most popular art to the mass among all the artistic forms. Taking the daily life of the ordinary citizens in the modern city as the main narration object, movie has become an artistic carrier of the mass’s active dialog with their everyday life. The movie diligently caters to the demand of the mass's emotion. It not only follows conventional narration which adapts to the audiences’ acceptance, but also touches the sensitive area of the social psychology, seeking to keep a balance with the common people's emotional despondence. The abstract mark and visional form of language in the movie art has formed simplified esthetic images and made the image language popularity. The recreation of movie essentially is a comprehensive appreciation of various kinds of pleasures with sublimated esthetic. The recreational element brings the audience more visional feeling and experience but less rational thinking. The movie creates a new way for people to recognize and experience world, at the same time, it is joyful and an ideal way to relieve bad emotion, for it regards a person as a complete existing identity. The entertainment of movie art makes the audience diverge their attention from ideology and removes populace's politic enthusiasm. The ceremonial nature of movie art urges the individuals to break the narrow life experience and come to a public place to experience a collective mood in a collective appreciation activity, thus an individual obtains an intense feeling of belonging and enters a kind of mild revelry condition. The esthetic education function of movie art mainly lies in carrying on the esthetic education through direct-viewing image forms and promoting the perfection of individual intuition experience ability by original way.Key words: esthetic characteristic; image; ultra-reality esthetic; mass culture; recreation论文独创性声明本人郑重声明：所提交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。