Hemodialysis Membrane Prepared from Cellulose/N Methylmorpholine-N-oxide Solution. I. Effect of MembranePreparation Conditions on Its Permeation Characteristics由纤维素或者N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物溶液制备血液透析膜。
一、膜的渗透特性制备条件的影响YOSHIHIKO ABE,1AKIRA MOCHIZUKI21 Research & Development Center, Terumo Corporation, 1500 Inokuchi, Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa259-0151, Japan2 Kofu East Factory, Terumo Corporation, 1727-1 Tsuijiarai, Showa-cho, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi 409-3853, JapanReceived 21 May 2001; Accepted 15 August 2001Published online 20 March 2002 in Wiley InterScienceABSTRACT: Flat hemodialysis membranes were prepared from cellulose / N-methylmorpholine- N-oxide (NMMO) solutions (dope) with different cellulose concentrations (6–8wt %) by using a phase-inversion method. The coagulant used was NMMO aqueoussolution, of which the NMMO concentration and its temperature were varied in therange of 0 to 50 wt % and 5 to 60°C, respectively. The effects of these preparationconditions on the permeation characteristics, the ultrafiltration rate (UFR) of purewater, and sieving coefficient (SC) of dextran, were investigated. The decrease incellulose concentration of the dope and the increases in both temperature and NMMO concentration of the coagulant gave a membrane with high UFR. Concerning the SC,the increase of the cellulose concentration and the decreases in both temperature andNMMO concentration gave a good result. Consequently, the membrane having thepreferable UFR and SC as a hemodialysis membrane was obtained when the 8 wt %cellulose dope was coagulated in water at 5°C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl PolymSci 84: 2302–2307, 2002Key words: cellulose; hemodialysis membrane; N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide; ultrafiltration rate; sieving performance摘要：平整的血液透析膜由纤维素或者N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物（NMMO法）溶液（涂料）与不同浓度的纤维素（6-8wt％）使用相转移法来制备。
用到的凝结剂是 NMMO的水溶液，其中的NMMO浓度和温度是各有不同，范围分别为0到50 wt％和5至60 ° C。
研究了渗透性能,纯水的超滤率（UFR）和葡聚糖的筛分系数（SC）这些准备工作条件的影响。
涂布的纤维素含量的下降和对N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物浓度和温度都上升的凝固剂浓度的增加做成了高超滤率的膜。
关于筛分系数，纤维素浓度增加和对温度和N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物浓度都下降的凝固剂浓度的降低做出了一个很好的结果。
因此，具有适合的筛分系数和超滤率参数该膜作为血液透析膜时可在5℃水中8％的纤维素涂料凝结而成。
©2002Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2302–2307, 2002关键词：纤维素; 血液透析膜; N -甲基- N -氧化吗啉; 超滤率; 筛分性能INTRODUCTIONToday, various polymeric materials are widely applied to the preparation of hemodialysis membranes, such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, polymethylmethacrylate, and ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer, among which the most popular material is regenerated cellulose. The regenerated cellulose membrane, made by the cuprammoniumrayon method, has found wide clinical use because of its excellent performance in the removal of the low molecular weight toxic substances such as urea and creatinine from patients’ blood.导论今天，各种高分子聚合物被广泛适用于血液透析膜的制备，如再生纤维素，纤维素醋酸乙烯，聚砜，聚丙烯腈，尼龙，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，乙烯，乙烯醇共聚物，其中最流行材料是再生纤维素。
发现由铜氨人造丝的方法制成的再生纤维素膜具有广泛的临床应用，因为它低分子量能有效地清除有毒物质如病人的血液中的尿素和肌氨酸酐。
However, the membrane has demonstrated weaknesses, such as in insufficiently removing the low molecular weight proteins and in blood compatibility. The molecular weights of the proteins, which are considered to cause various chronic side reactions, are in the range of 10,000 to 55,000 Da. In particular, it is well known that the accumulation of _ 2-microglobulin (_2-MG, 11,800 Da) in the body causes amyloidosis.然而这种膜也有其不足之处，例如不能充分有效的去除低分子量蛋白质和血液相容性问题。
被认为导致各种慢性病副反应的蛋白质分子量都在10,000到55,000Da范围内。
特别地，众所周知β2 -微球蛋白（2-MG，11800Da）的积累在体内会导致淀粉样变性。
To solve these problems in the regenerated cellulose membrane, a number of synthetic polymer membranes were investigated, some of which have been in practical use, such as polysulfoneand cellulose triacetate membranes. Of course, many attempts to improve the performance of the regenerated cellulose membrane have also been carried out by investigating thecoagulation/regeneration conditions.为解决再生纤维素膜的这些问题，对一系列聚合膜进行了研究，其中一些已经在实际应用中，如聚砜和三醋酸纤维素膜。
当然，许多为提高再生纤维素膜性能的尝试也已经通过研究其凝结物或者再生条件而进行。
Almost all of the studies were based on the cuprammonium rayon method, given that a sati sfactory solvent for cellulose was limited to cuprammonium hydroxide solution. In this method very complicated coagulation/regeneration processes such as aqueous alkaline-coagulation/acid-regeneration are adopted to make a hemodialysis membrane. Therefore, the controls of the morphology and performance of the membrane were restricted.几乎所有的研究都是基于铜氨人造丝的方法，考虑到一个满意的纤维素溶剂受限于铜铵碱溶液。