财务会计论文应收账款外文参考文献Foreign source :Friends of the accounting, in 2009 (30) 84 85Enterprise receivables management analysed【 abstract 】 in order to meet the expanding sales and increase the competitiveness ofthe enterprises, reduce inventory, reduce inventory risk and management expensesneed, the business activities in El often created accounts receivable. Accountsreceivable is the enterprise is an important, the risk is bigger liquid assets, its qualityis good or bad for a business often has had a significant impact. Because of theimportant account receivable, according to some accounts receivable management andaccounting, points out the existing problems in the disadvantages of accountreceivable mismanagement, and puts forward some to strengthen the management of accounts receivable practices.【 keywords 】 receivables; The provision for; Management riskAccounts receivable is the enterprise is an important, the risk is bigger liquid assets, its quality is good or bad for a business often has had a significant impact. These long-term difficult to recover theaccounts receivable existence, seriously affected the enterprise. The normal production and business enterprise management costs, increased to different extent some enterprise into a financial crisis.1.The role of account receivable. Expand sales, increase the competitiveness ofthe enterprises in the fierce market competition situation, is to promote the sales ofcredit is an important way. Enterprise credit is actually to provide customers with thetwo transactions, to customer selling products, and in a limitedperiod introverted customers funds. In credit-tightening, market weakness, lack of money, the promotion with obvious credit forenterprise sales role. New products and explore new market is more important significance.Reduce inventory, reduce inventory risk and management costs. To the enterprise to hold finished goods inventory additional fee, warehousing costs andinsurance expenses; Instead, the enterprise to hold accounts receivable, you do notneed the spending. Therefore, when the enterprise products inventory more for long1 time, generally can use more favorable credit conditions, the inventory into pipesreceivable and reduce finished goods in stock, save related expenses.2.Accounts receivable in the management of the existing problemsAccounts receivable is broad, fixed number of year long. Amounts Enterprise to accounts receivable accounting is not standard. According to theprovisions of the state financial and accounting systems. Accounts receivable isaccounting enterprise for selling goods or services to happen to purchase unit shall berecovered or accept labor unit payments. But the enterprise did not strictly accordingto the provisions of the accounting enterprise receivables. Cause some should not bein the project accounting money also included in the project, cause accountsreceivable accounting has no reality.The account receivable NPLS not timely, to the enterprise confirmed theappearance of virtually increased asset caused. Because enterprise to accountsreceivable slackened management, especially some enterprise also to accountsreceivable as means of adjusting profit. So on the account receivable SiZhangconfirmation on staying there ~ some problems. Is mainly to stay SiZhang has alreadyformed the receivables confirm fast enough, for many years in the accounts receivableformed account long-term, eased some already can't withdraw, this provision for theprovision for no provision of virtual enterprise assets, causing thickening.Because some of the managers and operators enterprise financial managementconsciousness and lack of management concept. To accounts receivable is lack ofeffective management and collect investigation the author feel. In Shanxi Province inthe part of the province tube enterprise still exist serious planned economy of ideas,these people to the market economy can't say don't understand, also cannot say don't understand, the main thing is not starts from oneself, and in practical work is often said the much, do less. Thought is drunk on the production and business operation thiscenter, not how to do well management finance the primacy, failed to do the businessmanagement financial management as the center. Financial management to fundmanagement as the center. The management of funds and use only paying attention tohow to borrow and spend money, not for existing resources andcapital for effectiveconfiguration and mobilize. Cause enterprise produced a considerable amount ofreceivables, also do not actively from the Angle of strengthening management, solotsof money to clean up the long-term retention outside. Affected the enterprise normalproduction and operation activities and the efficient use of the funds.2 3.The drawbacks of the receivable mismanagementReduce enterprise funds use efficiency, make enterprise profits down because ofenterprise logistics and cash flow not consistent, merchandise shipped, prescribingsales invoices. Payment is not keeping pace recovery, and sales have established, thisnot up recovery entry sales. Certainly will cause no cash inflow generated sales tax onprofits and losses, and sales income paid and years be paid in advance. If involvesspan more than to sales revenue account receivable. Then can produce enterprise bycurrent assets paid annual shareholders dividend. Enterprise forsuch pursuit arisingfrom the pad surface benefits and tax payment paid shareholders take up a lot ofliquidity, as time passes will influence enterprise capital turnover. Which led to theenterprise actual operation situation veiled. Influence enterprise production plan andsales plan, etc, can't realize the set benefit goal.Exaggerated enterprise operating results. Because our country enterpriseexecutes accounting foundation is the accrual (receivable meet system). The currentcredit happened all to write down current income. Therefore, the enterprise account profit increase does not mean that can meet the schedule of realizing cash inflows. Accounting system requires the enterprise in accordance with the percentage of account receivable balance to extract the provision for, the provision for a 5% rates generally for 3% (special enterprise except). If the actual loss of bad happened more than extract the provision for, will give enterprise to bring the great loss. Therefore,the enterprise of account receivable existence. On the TAB virtually increased sales income. In oerstate enterprise operation results. Increased risks of an enterprise cost.Speeding up the enterprise's cash outflows. Sell on credit although can make theenterprise produces more profits, but did not make enterprise cash inflows increase,on the contrary make enterprise had to use limited liquidity to various taxes and feespaid, accelerate the enterprise's cash outflows, main performance for:Enterprise tax payments. Accounts receivable bring sales income. Not actually receive cash, turnover is computational basis with sales, the enterprise must on time pay by cash. Enterprise pay tax as value added tax, business tax, consumption tax, resources tax and urban construction tax, inevitable meeting with sales revenue increases.Income tax payments. Accounts receivable generate revenue, but notin cash income tax, and realizing cash payment must on time.3 Cash the distribution of the profits. Also exist such problems. In addition, thecost of the management of accounts receivable and accountsreceivable recyclingcosts will accelerate enterprise cash outflows.The business cycle has influence on enterprise. Operating cycle from obtain inventory to the sales that inventory and withdraw cash this time so far. Operating cycle depends on inventory turnover days and accounts receivable turnover days, the business cycle is combined. From that. Unreasonable accounts receivable existence, make business cycle extended, affected the enterprise capital circulation, make a lot of liquidity precipitation in non-productive link. Cause enterprisecash shortage, influence salaries and raw material purchasing, serious impact on the enterprisenormal production and operation.Increased receivables management process. Error probability, bringsto theenterprise enterprise to face the additional loss accountsreceivable account, possiblyto the timely discovery, accounting errors can prompt understanding and otherreceivables accounts receivable dynamic enterprise details. Cause responsibilityunclear. Accounts receivable contract, Taiwan about, commitments,the formalities ofexamination and approval of such material scattered, lost may makethe enterprise hashappened on the account receivable unable to receive the fullrecovery of repayment,the only partially withdraw through legal means. Can recover, butdue to material notwhole and cannot be recovered, until eventually form the enterprise assets loss.4.To strengthen the management of accounts receivable methodComprehensive comb, and establish material parameter. For enterprise all kindsof receivables launch a comprehensive system of comb, queuing, check the work.Because in past economic activity business minority, inefficient pattern. Hard to adaptto the market economy requirement, the law of development in the increasingly fierce market competition gradually be eliminated, the enterprise is in production, BanTingChan, failed state, has formed a widespread accounts receivable account for along (most age 3 years), former party leave the state of operation and the debtor changes etc. Phenomenon, to clear a check increase the difficulty. Workers should browse a large number of original documents, traced back to carefully each individual accounts receivable from the nature, time, happened contents, amount. According to zhang age, systems, area and the possibility of recovery of accounts receivable are classified. Carefully analyzed collection verify each sum of money and amount. And this system, more likely way back near the door checkaccount receivable; Way to4 outside the system, and is unlikely to far back of receivables through telephoneenquiries, enterprise sent a letter, lawyers sent a letter way to undertake checking: some not so clear accounts receivable multilateral bug verification. Please go back tothe original sales personnel, agent help check to ensure that thedata obtained by theaccurate, reliable and accurate data collected in the visiting forthe future of written-off receivables smoothly provide effective legal evidence. More importantly, with thedebtor written-off receivables personnel and check accounts concerning the debtor family residence, operation sites, property status, income level made a comprehensive and detailed understanding, and according to the command of the debtor to evaluate solvency debt-repaying possibility. Judge, lock key goals for the next great written-offreceivables smoothly and lay the foundation.Multi-pronged approach.we great effort, increase. After the preparation work ordo. Accounts receivable written-off receivables entered thesubstantial "punish collect" crucial stage. In actual work, in order to give attention to collect the magnificence of the enterprise withbenefit, one of the debtor to classify, different properties analysis of the debtor to adopt targeted collect method, in order to make the whole written-off receivables achieved good effect. The debtor to business clients. Topossess management qualification, sound system, assets in good condition of customers, after consultations communication with the other, try to take groovy gathering way, so that both the collect keep good business cooperation relations;Butfor malicious long-term default behavior, used first lawyer in demand for collection, correspondence is invalid cases, still choose be representative of the debtor to court,apply for a court for compulsory execution. In the majesty of the law, the other group of a deterrent to repay the debtor will repay arrears, self-consciously plays to the whole written-off receivables to point the impetus with. On the system internal worker arrears. For system inside worker due to illness, life difficult, and many other reason formed non-business temporary loan, first of all, issued a document, clearly stipulates that deadline repossessed; Secondly, alarge amount of arrears. Indeed, in adifficult to pay off after consultation with staff. Paymentagreement signed. Divide second month in salary charged or deduct; Finally, the internal to laid-off employees and have extra-large disease worker, its economy is really difficult to repay embarrassment. In ahumane treatment, offer certain debt relief. Such already make whole written-off receivables reach the expected effect, also can let laid-off workersto their real challenges organization care. Adopting property preservation measures. In the actual collect process. Often encountered some have the repayment ability but5 reimbursement conditions or timing immature the obligor, collect personnel cancooperate actively court on the debtor's property implement preservation, making cdoin court, under the help of the relevant accounting units and individuals to imposepreservation of property. For property preservation at the same time. Appoint ourwealth pipe center visit regularly the obligor, closely watching the debtorwhereabouts, understand their property status. Once found the debtor reimbursementconditions mature, immediately notify the court, suspend theproperty preservation,reactivated cases. Applied to the court for compulsory execution withdraw arrears.Establish customer credit system. Strict credit business formalities for examination and approval from years of written-off receivablesaccounts receivable see. A few enterprises in experience increased sales push credit sales policy. Did notestablish a complete customer credit system, to the customer assets status, reimbursement ability, financial situation, the credit rating don't know much. Even after receivable formation. Find the debtor to punish frequently occurred. There are afew enterprise to the customer credit conditions are too broad. Credit approval rights too scattered, sometimes a sales personnel can decided to sell on credit business formation. Cause some credit rating is low customers easily get credit, increasing therisk of bad loans.Earnestly implement post responsibility system, strict appraisal, rewards andpunishments and trenchant.Some enterprise although also established a comparativelyperfect accounts receivable credit sales, management, a great responsibility andinternal control system, but in actual work but become a mere formality, non-existing.Cause the enterprise internal responsibility unclear, the reward is unknown situation.To a certain extent, encourages the formation of large receivables, increasing theoperating risk of an enterprise. So only with a good set of system doesn't solve all theproblems in the practical work, the key still need to implement these system willreach the designated position, achieves truly in the bud.Foreign source :Friends of the accounting, in 2009 (30) 84 856 企业应收账款管理存在的问题及对策【摘要】公司为了满足扩大销售、增加企业的竞争力、减少库存、降低存货风险和管理开支等的需要，在El常的经营活动中产生了应收账款。