The reasonable solution of water pollution in China Author：李煜哲
Abstract：
This paper make a description and analysis about the present situation of water resources and pollution in our country, using the method of state governance, and puts forward personal views and opinions.
Key words:
Current situation， laws
Introduction The national polluted water emissions increased by 31.5 billion tons in 1980 to 63.1 billion tons in 2002. Most urban groundwater polluted to some extent, and has a tendency to increase year by year. The use of the increasingly serious water pollution not only reduces the water functions, further aggravated the contradiction of water resource shortage, but also a serious threat to urban residents drinking water safety and health. For our life source being polluted, how should we respond?
1. The water resources and pollution situation in our country 1.1 Water resources situation in our country From The first national water resources census bulletin，By the end of 2011,there are 45000 reasons basin area of 50 square kilometers above, total length of 1.5085 million km. There are 22900 reasons basin area of 100 square kilometers above. There are 2865 natural lakes water is greater than 1 square kilometers with a total area of 7.8 square kilometers. The country has about 98000 reservoirs, with a total capacity of 98000 cubic meters. The national total of 638900 lakes water inlet, the earth's surface and underground water source is respectively 1.17 and 1847. China's per capita water resources is only 2100 cubic meters, only 28% of the world's per capita. In the northern region, water resource is very shortage, the Yellow River, huaihe river, haihe river three per capita water resources quantity respectively for the national average of only 30.1%, 21.6% and 12.9%. China's per capita fresh water resources is only a quarter of the world's average, ranked 110 in the world, is one of the poorest countries in the world per capita water resources. Available water resources per capita is only 900 cubic meters, and unevenly distributed. The end of the 20th century, the presence of more than 400 cities in more than 600 cities has water supply shortage problem, the serious water shortage city more than 110, the national total water shortage of 6 billion cubic meters. [2]
1.2 Situation of water pollution in China China's top ten river basin water quality success rate is 2/3, Local water quality is worrying，overall， Through years of efforts, we have improved water quality in China, the top ten overall for watershed water quality mild pollution, but at local area, the water quality of local water environment pollution is still serious. Recently published in domestic academic journal "science bulletin", according to an article. Surface water contains 68 kinds of antibiotics in China, and the concentration is higher. There are 90 kinds of the antibiotic pharmaceutical ingredients being checked out. .The antibiotic concentration is much higher than abroad. 90% of our country urban groundwater by different level of organic and inorganic pollution of poisonous and harmful pollutants, 70% of the pollution of river water system, more than 90% of the river pollution flows through the city.
2. reasonable solutions On enhancing urban water supply water saving and water pollution prevention and control work Promulgated by the state council in 2000 point out that we should gradually change the past a drainage system, a single reservoir and a river water to the city water supply way, Take "library series more, drainage network, surface water and groundwater alignment, the optimized configuration of water resources".
2.1 Methods in our country at present By the end of 2013, the total 3895 key projects, medium and small rivers Management River is 35000 kilometers long. By 2015, the project management of small and medium-sized rivers around 5000, governance river is 60000 kilometers long, can make the 340 million population and 330 million mu of farmland protected by flood control. In order to ensure the river health life, implementing strict water management system in our country, defined the development and utilization of water resources, water use efficiency, water function area restriction, they use "three line":1. Set the limits of the total water 2. The red line to promote water-saving efficiency of water use 3. The red lines limit, protect water quality, Expert introduction, the current "three line" index system of water resources to cover 95% of the local administrative region and more than 50% of the county administrative region, which means that the water resources management in the future will be more strictly: Strict management and protection of groundwater, the groundwater water withdrawal amount control and water level control. Strict control into the lakes pollution gross, the position is beyond the water function area limits of the total area, limit for examination and approval of new water and sewage outlet into the rivers. [3]