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当前农村基层政权建设中存在的问题及其对策研究

论文题目:当前农村基层政权建设中存在的问题及其对策研究研究生姓名:学科、专业:马克思主义理论与思想政治教育研究方向:中国特色社会主义导师姓名、职称:论文完成时间:摘要农村基层政权是国家为治理农村而建立的权力机构,它是我国人民民主专政政权的基础组织,是国家与农村社会融合在一起的桥梁和纽带,在新农村建设中发挥重要作用。

伴随着农村政治、经济的巨大发展,农村基层政权逐渐暴露出诸多问题,这些问题的存在严重阻碍了乡镇政权的正常运作,使政权陷入了沉重的体制、财政等压力中。

乡镇基层政权能否根据形势的变化进行适当的改革和调整,维护农村基层政权的稳定,直接关系到“三农”问题的有效解决,关系到农村的稳定,关系到国民经济的持续、健康、快速发展。

因此,有必要从理论上对乡镇政权存在的问题进行梳理,分析其成因,并结合实践探索乡镇治理体制改革的可行性路径。

本文在辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的研究方法指导下,采用文献法、系统分析法、案例分析、利益分析法等相结合的研究方法,结合新农村建设和国家税费制度改革的大背景,围绕农村基层政权建设这一问题存在的问题进行了分析和论证。

本文由引言和四个部分组成:导言部分主要是阐述选题缘由、研究现状及研究方法和创新之处,从整体上阐明本文的写作意图。

第一部分主要是对我国农村基层政权的理论概述。

首先对农村基层政权概念和职能进行了阐述,然后概述农村基层政权的历史沿革、比较不同时期的制度差异,以探求共同的演变规律,从而为当前的乡镇政权建设提供一些有益的借鉴。

之后系统阐述了农村基层政权的地位和作用,突出强调农村基层政权建设的重要性。

第二部分是对当前农村基层政权中存在的问题进行分析,这是本文的重点。

在当前市场经济体制下,乡镇政权的作用和任务逐渐消解,暴露出的诸多问题使乡镇政权继续存在的合理性和合法性不断遭到质疑。

乡镇政权的现实困境是对其展开理论研究和实践探索的直接动因。

这部分包括乡镇治理结构和法定职权残缺、乡镇债务沉重、乡镇干部腐败和农村公共产品供给不足和结构失衡四个问题。

第三部分主要是对当前农村基层政权中存在问题的原因进行分析。

由于乡镇政权中存在的问题错综复杂,具有综合性,产生上述问题的原因也是多方面的。

本文重点围绕着乡镇政权权力结构失衡、压力型的行政体制、分税制的财政体制、农村税费制度改革、城乡二元经济结构等展开论述。

第四部分是本文的难点所在,对当前农村基层政权中存在的问题提出近期的改革方案,从理顺党政关系、理顺县乡关系、深化乡镇政府机构改革、改革压力型的政府运行体制、重建乡镇财政和构筑新型的农村公共产品供给体制上进行了分析和论证。

关键词:农村基层政权;问题;对策AbstractAs institutions of the regime,the rural grass-roots power are established in order to govern rural areas,which is the basic organization of people's democratic dictatorship regime in our country,the country and the rural community fuses in together bridge and link,plays the leading role in the new rural reconstruction. Following rural politics,the economical huge development,rural grass-roots power is gradually exposed many problems in the rural society. The existence of these problems seriously hinders the normal operation of township government,so that power fell into a heavy institutional,financial and other pressures. Whether the rural grass-roots power carry on suitable reform and adjustment according to situation change,maintain rural grass-roots power the stably,is directly related to the stability of rural areas,related to an effective solution to the problem of "three rural",related to sustained,healthy and rapid development of national economy. It is necessary that we comb the question which exists to the rural grass-roots power theoretically,analyze its causes,combined with the practice of the township to explore the feasibility of the path of governance reform.This article is composed of the introduction and four parts: The introduction part mainly elaborates the selected topic reason,the present situation and innovation,to clarify the overall intent of writing this article. The first part is mainly to outline the rural grass-roots power theoretically. First of all,the concept and functions of rural grass-roots political power are described,and then to the rural grass-roots history of the regime,comparing different systems in different periods in order to explore the common evolution rule,thus provides some beneficial models for the current villages and towns political power construction. Afterward elaborates the rural grass-roots power's status and the function systematically,focusing on the importance of the rural grass-roots power construction. The second part is on the current political power of rural grass-roots problems in the analysis,which is the focus of this article. Under the current market economy system,the rural grass-roots power's function and the duty dispel. Many questions are gradually exposes,so that the township government's legitimacy and the legality of are questioned constantly. The reality of the plight in township government is to start their theoretical study and practical exploration of the direct cause,paving the way for the third part of issue document. This section includes the defects of township governance structure and legal authority,township debt heavy,corruption of township cadres and public product supplies insufficiency and structure unbalanced in rural areas four questions. The third part is on analysis of the cause of the problem exist in the rural grass-roots power. Problems of township government is complex,integrated,resulting in the above-mentioned reasons for theproblem is multi-faceted. This article focuses on the imbalance of power structure in village and township,stress-based administration system,the tax system in the financial system,reform of rural taxes and fees,urban-rural dual economic structure to start on. This article revolves the villages and towns political power structure to be unbalanced with emphasis,the pressure administrative system,tax distribution system's financial system,the countryside taxes and fees system reform,the city and countryside dual economic structure and so on launch the elaboration. The fourth part which is the difficulty of the article,proposes reform program for the current political power of rural grass-roots issues. From the relationship between party and government,the straightening out relationship between county and township,deepened the villages and towns government apparatus reform,the reform pressure government movement system,to reconstruct the villages and towns finance and in the construction new countryside public product supplies system have carried on the analysis and the proof.Key words: the rural grass-roots power;question;method目录引言 (1)(一)选题缘由 (1)(二)研究现状及意义 (1)(三)研究方法和创新之处 (3)一、农村基层政权的内涵界定和理论分析 (4)(一)农村基层政权的概念及其职能 (4)1.什么是农村基层政权 (4)2.农村基层政权的职能 (4)(二)新中国成立后农村基层政权的历史沿革 (5)1.1950年—1953年乡村政权并存时期 (6)2.1954年—1958年乡镇基层政权初步确立时期 (6)3.1958年—1982年人民公社时期 (6)4.1982年至今乡镇基层政权最终确立时期 (7)(三)农村基层政权的地位和作用 (7)1.农村基层政权是我国人民民主专政政权的基础组织 (7)2.农村基层政权是国家政权与农村社会融合在一起的桥梁和纽带 (8)3.乡镇政府在当前社会主义新农村建设中发挥重要作用 (8)二、当前农村基层政权中存在的问题 (9)(一)乡镇治理结构和法定职权残缺 (9)(二)乡镇债务负担沉重 (9)(三)乡镇干部腐败问题比较严重 (11)(四)农村公共产品供给不足与结构失衡问题 (13)三、农村基层政权中存在问题的原因分析 (15)(一)乡镇政权权力结构失衡 (15)1.乡镇政权权力分配不尽合理 (15)2.县乡之间权力划分不合理 (16)(二)乡镇政府职能转变滞后 (17)(三)压力型的行政体制 (18)1.压力型行政体制的概念 (18)2.压力型行政体制对乡镇的影响 (18)(四)分税制的财政体制 (19)1.财权与事权不统一 (19)2.税种的划分不彻底 (20)3.财政转移支付制度不完善 (20)(五)农村税费制度的改革 (20)1.农村税费制度改革的内容 (21)2.农村税费制度改革对乡镇的影响 (21)(六)城乡二元经济结构 (22)四、农村基层政权改革的路径选择 (23)(一)理顺党政关系,完善领导体制 (23)1.坚持和加强乡镇党委的领导 (23)2.坚持和完善乡镇人民代表大会制度 (23)(二)理顺县乡关系,增强乡镇政权权能 (25)1.对县乡关系进行法律化分权 (25)2.取消“条条”的垂直行政管理 (26)(三)科学定位乡镇政府职能,深化乡镇政府机构改革 (26)1.对乡镇政府职能进行科学定位 (26)2.撤乡并镇,精简机构和人员 (27)3.努力提高乡镇政府工作人员素质 (28)(四)多管齐下,重建乡镇财政 (30)1.推广“省直管县”和“乡财县管乡用”的财政体制改革 (30)2.加大财政改革力度,完善分税制 (30)3.广开财源,加快乡镇经济发展 (31)4.采取各种措施,积极稳妥的化解乡镇债务 (31)(五)构筑新型的农村公共产品供给体制 (32)1.建立城乡一体化的公共产品供给机制 (32)2.建立以反映农民意愿的需求表达机制 (33)3.落实自下而上的科学决策机制 (33)4.构建政府主导、社会参与的多元供给机制 (33)5.加强农村公共产品供给监督与管理 (34)参考文献 (35)在校期间的研究成果及发表的学术论文 (37)致谢 (38)当前农村基层政权建设中存在的问题及其对策研究引言本部分主要是阐述选题缘由、研究现状及意义、研究方法和创新之处等问题。

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