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氧化还原反应速率与催化作用

即可令溶液的颜色呈现淡红色,以指示终点。
2. 专属指示剂
• 有些物质本身并不具有氧化还原性,但 它能与氧化剂或还原剂产生特殊的颜色, 因而可指示终点,称专属指示剂。如碘 量法中的淀粉指示剂。
3. 氧化还原指示剂
• 氧化还原指示剂是指其本身具有氧化还 原性质的有机化合物,它的氧化形和还 原形具有不同的颜色。
• 此时
ln
0.059 n
lg 10
ln
0.059 n
•当
[ln
ox
]/[
ln
Red
]
1 10
时,溶液呈现还
原形的颜色,
• 此时
ln
0.059 n
lg 10
ln
0.059 n
氧化还原滴定指示剂的选择(3)
所以,指示剂变色的范围为
ln
0.059 V n
在实际工作中,采用条件电极电位比较合适,
得到指示剂的变色范围为
自动催化作用有一个特点,就是开始时的反 应速率比较慢(称为诱导期),随着生成物逐渐 增多,反应速率逐渐加快;经过一最高点后,随 着反应物浓度的减小,反应速率逐渐降低。
4.催化剂(4)
在分析化学实验中,还经常应用到 负催化剂。例如,加入多元醇可以减慢 SnCl2与空气中的氧的作用;加入AsO33可以防止SO32-与空气中的氧起作用等。
' ln
0.059 V n
当n=1时,
指示剂的变色范围为
' ln
0.059V

氧化还原滴定指示剂的选择(4)
n=2时
ln
0.030V
• 由于范围甚小,一般就可用指示剂的条 件电极电位来估计指示剂变色的电位范 围。
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