美国部分
Chapter14
WASPs：Traditionally, the mainstreams American were called WASPs, that is, White
Anglo—Saxon Protestants.
Indentured Servants契约劳工：Indentured servants refer to some immigrants who had to
work for a fixed term for their masters to repay the cross—Atlantic fare and debts.
Ellis Island爱利斯岛：Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception
spot in the 1980s and at the turn of the century.
Sunbelt areas阳光地带：

Chapter15
Bill of Right人权法案：(1)In 1789,James Madison introduced in the House of
Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed
amendments and sent to the states for ratification.(2)Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and
this first ten amendments to the constitution were called the Bill of Rights because they
were to insure individual liberties.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋：It’s written by Beecher Stowe’s novel Uncle Tom’s
Cabin, public feeling against slavery was increased. Many people joined the abolitionists.
They considered slavery inhuman and brutal.
Emancipation Proclamation解放宣言：Lincoln issues it during the Civil War, when
Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making
war a just war against slavery. Under the Emancipation of Proclamation, all slaves in
areas still controlled by the Confederacy were freed.
Abolitionists废奴主义者：They were people, mostly Northern humanitarians, who
strongly opposed slavery and aimed to abolish the system.
The Constitutional Convention制宪会议：(1)Since 1781, the thirteen states had been
governed by the Articles of Confederation which set up a very weak central
government.(2)In May,1787,the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia with
instructions to revise the Articles of Confederation.(3)After much debate, the Constitution
was later ratified.
The “Great Compromise”大妥协：On the American constitutional Convention,
contradictions emerged between the bigger and smaller states, between the
industrial—commercial interests and landed interests, etc. The Great Compromise of July
16,1787,gave each state an equal vote in the Senate, making representation in the House
reflect the size of each state’s population.
The Federalist Papers联邦文集：(1)During the ratification period, beginning on October
27,1787, the newspapers of New York City carried at short intervals a total of 85 letters to
the public written under the name of Publius.(2) Later it was known that these letters were
written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay and they came to be called
the Federalist Papers.
The Compromise of 18501850年妥协：(1)With the territorial expansion towards the west,
the problem of whether slavery should be allowed to spread into these areas arose.
(2)The compromise of 1850 was passed which allowed California to be accepted as a free
state, New Mexico and Utah to be organized as territories without legislation either for or
against slavery and more efficient machinery to be set up for returning runaway slaves to
their masters.
The Boston Tea Party波士顿倾茶事件：In 1773,when ships carried tea reached Boston,
the governor decided to protest the distribution of tea. Several dozen Boston residents
dressed as Indians boarded the ships at night and threw the tea into the harbor. This
came to be known as the “Boston Tea Party ”.