2.2 在关系副词或介词加关系代词处拆分
1) “She doesn’t like boys, and just listens to the girls,” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of the teacher’s attention.
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Knowing About Translation
英译汉的长句翻译（3）—拆分译法
英语长句往往由主从复合句构成， 结构严谨，翻译时可按照汉语多用短 句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语分解 为若干分句，再逐句翻译，这称为拆 分译法。拆分主要有以下方法：
2) Even top corporate managers, who have mostly affected styles of leadership that can be characterized only as tough, cold and aloof, have begun to learn the lesson, and earn the benefits, of writing notes that lift people up.
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Translation Practice
Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese
using the techniques mentioned above.
翻译：中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。 相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地 谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题 或其他一些有关个人的话题。
分析：把英语原句中“in which”引导的定语从句拆开，译成
一个独立的句子，使译文结构清晰，意思明确，句子又 不会太长。
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1．将英语原句中的并列复合句拆分
1) It was equally clear that the Chinese agree on what is right or wrong in most situations; in casual encounters with Benjamin and other Western children, they were simply exhibiting their shared beliefs.
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1) Another dimension of sex-biased education is the typical American teacher’s assumption that boys will do better in the “hard”, “masculine” subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.
翻译：在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统 就此发了言。他说他不能解释为什么共和党遭到了这样的 大败，它最终会使共和党失去在众议院中长期享有的优势。
分析：英语原句包含一个由that引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句又 包含一个由why引导的宾语从句。why引导的宾语从句中， 又包含一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明 “such a widespread defeat”。在汉译时，把主句和后 面的宾语从句作了拆分，从而使该长句分译成了两个独立 的中文句子。
翻译：另外一点也很清楚，在多数情况下，什么是对的，什么 是不对的，这些中国人都有一致的看法。在和本杰明及 其他西方小孩的随意交往中，他们都展现了自己的共同 看法。
分析：把英语原句中用分号连接的两个并列从句，拆分成两个 独立的句子，并将每个句子中的不同成分，也按照意 思和逻辑关系分成一个个短句，这样使译文的句子不 会太长，而且层次分明，意思清晰。
翻译：那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风可以被形 容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人也开始学习写 便笺去鼓舞人心，且获益匪浅。
分析：从译文中可以看出，由who引 导的定语从句被翻译成独立的句 子，并放在由主句译成的另一个 独立的句子前面。
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1) Then we begin to read novels, which are stories about people like ourselves, who have to meet either difficulties which are known to all of us or an exceptional set of circumstances calling for the exercise of great courage and skill.
翻译：一些人也许会担心：这意味着一种性别比另一种性 别更优越。但稍稍思考一下，就清楚对此不必过分 担忧。
分析：英语原句是由转折连词but连接的并 列句，在译成汉语时，将两个并列 句译成了两个独立的句子。
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翻译： “她不喜欢男生，她只听女生发言，”另一个班上的
一位男生说。而在他的班上，男生占据了老师63%的注 意力。 分析：英语原句中第一部分是主句，第二部 分是关系副词where引导的定语从句， 翻译时把主句和从句在关系副词处作 了拆分。
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翻译：然后我们开始阅读小说。这些小说的主人公都像我们一 样，他们不得不遇到我们熟知的困难，或需要坚强勇气及 熟练技巧才能度过的特殊环境。
分析：英语原句中第一部分是主句，第二部分是关系代词 which引导的定语从句，翻译时把主句和从句在关系代词 处作了拆分。
Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
2) It was the moment I ceased being a child, when I began to have an adult’s awareness of the pain and tragedy in life.
翻译：在那一刻，我不再是个孩子了。那 时，我开始用成人的眼光来看待生 活中存在的痛苦与悲伤。
翻译：接着他们到岛的南部，只见遍地岩石与灌木丛。灌木 丛长得相当浓密，要穿过去实在不容易。
分析：此句的非谓语动词短语“growing so thickly that it was not easy to push one's way through”作为定
语修饰bushes，在翻译时把此处与主句作了拆分，而 且这一短语本身也分译成汉语的两个短句。
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4．含有多个从句的长句拆分
有时一个句子中含有几个不同的 从句。在翻译此类包含多个从句的 长句时，首先要把握句子的中心意 思，分清从句之间的关系，然后根 据汉语的行文习惯，适当断句，使 之成为通顺可读的汉语句子。例如：
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2) The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.
分析：此句第一部分是主句，第二部分是关 系副词when引导的定语从句，翻译时 在此处切断，译成两个独立的句子。
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3) Chinese “cross-talk” is a special type of slap-stick in which two Chinese comedians humorously discuss topics such as bureaucrats, family problems, or other personal topics.
3) Now it might be thought that Benjamin’s appearance—he is Chinese, and we adopted him in Taiwan—encouraged this intervention; but similar intrusive interventions are reported by Westerners whose children do not look the least bit Chinese.
3．在非谓语动词处拆分