GSE: Oculomotor Nucleus – at the level of the superior colliculus of midbrain Trochlear Nucleus – at the level of the inferior colliculus of the midbrain Abducent Nucleus – beneath the fascial colliculus Hypoglossal Nucleus – beneath the hypoglossal trigone
▪ Midbrain
- corpora quadrigemina - pineal body
▪ Medulla Oblongata
- gracile tubercle - cuneate tubercle - trigeminal tubercle
The Continuation of Brainstem & Spinal Cord
Ventral View
▪ Medulla Oblongata
- anterior medial fissure - pyramid - olive - pyramidal decussation
▪ Pons
- basilar sulcus - basilar part - middle cerebellar peduncle
Location of the Cranial Nerve Nuclei
▪ superior colliculus ▪ inferior colliculus ▪ facial colliculus ▪ hypoglossal triangle
▪ vagal triangle ▪ striae medullares ▪ sulcus limitans ▪ vestibular area
(Rhomboid Fossa & Fourth Ventricle)
Grey Matter of Brainstem: Cranial Nerve Nuclei
Development of Spinal Cord & Brainstem Sulcus Limitans
The Arrangement of the Cranial Nerves during the Fetal Development
▪ GSE column (SE column) ▪ SVE column (branchial efferent column) ▪ GVE column – parasympathicus ▪ GVA column – subconscious sensation ▪ SVA column – taste sense ▪ GSA column – conscious sensation ▪ SSA column – audition & posture
(mesencephalic, principal / main & spinal) nuclei
▪ SSA: vestibular & cochlear nuclei
Motor Cranial Nerve Nuclei
▪ GSE: oculmotor, trochlear, abducent & hypoglossal nuclei ▪ SVE: trigeminal motor, facial motor, ambiguus nuclei (& accessory spinal) ▪ GVE: accessory oculmotor, sup. & inf. salivatory & dorsal motor vagus
Motor & Sensory Columns of Spinal Cord & Brainstem
SE SVE GVE
SVA GVA GSA SSA
Brainstem
Spinal cord
SE VE
VA
SA
Components of Cranial Nerve Nuclei in Brainstem
Medially
GSE(SE)
GVE
SVE (branchial motor)
VA (GVA & SVA)
SSABiblioteka GSALaterally
▪ GSE: oculmotor, trochlear,
abducent & hypoglossal nuclei
▪ SVE: trigeminal motor, facial
nuclei
Sensory Cranial Nerve Nuclei
▪ VA: solitary nuclei ▪ GSA: trigeminal sensory (mesencephalic, principal / main & spinal)
nuclei
▪ SSA: vestibular & cochlear nuclei
▪ Midbrain
- cerebral peduncle - interpeduncular fossa - posterior perforated substance
External Features of Brainstem
Dorsal View
▪ Rhomboid Fossa
- dorsal median sulcus - striae medullares - sulcus limitans - medial eminence - fascial colliculus - vestibular area - hypoglossal trigone - vagal trigone
The Internal Structure of Brainstem
OUTLINE
▪ Gray Matter - Cranial Nerve Nuclei - Relay Nuclei
▪ White Matter - Ascending Tracts - Descending Tracts
▪ Reticular Formation ▪ Transverse Sections
motor, ambiguus & accessory spinal nuclei
▪ GVE: accessory oculmotor, sup.
& inf. salivatory & dorsal motor vagus nuclei
▪ VA: solitary nuclei ▪ GSA: trigeminal sensory