1Whereas
Whereas:c on sideri ng that鉴于，就 ..... 而论(法律用语)
例1
Whereasthe first Party is willing to employ the second Party and the second Party agreesto act as the first Party ' E s gineerin Bamako, it is hereby mutually agreed as follows:
鉴于甲方愿意聘请乙方，乙方同意应聘为甲方在巴马科(工程)的工程师，合同双方特此达成协议如下
例2
WhereasParty B and Party A have en teredi nto this Con tract to in stall Party A'sair- conditioning equipment, the Partiesheretodo herebyagreeas follows:
Chin eseversi on for refere nee:
鉴于乙方与甲方订立本合同，安装甲方的空气调节设备，双方同意如下：
2In Wit nessWhereof [❤1]
Whereby：In Witness Whereof :作为所协议事项的证据，这个短语常常在合同结尾条款中使用，可译为特此立(证)裾”以此立(证)据”等；
In Testimony Whereof：以此为证，特立此证；
Whereby: by the agreement;by the following terms and conditions, etc.凭此协议，凭此条款等。
例1
In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto havecausedthis Agreement to be executedon the day and year first before written[❤2] in accordancewith their respective laws.
本协议书由双方根据各自的法律签订，于上面所签订的日期开始执行，特立此据。
例2
In Testim ony Whereof, we have hereto sig ned this docume nt on (day/mon th/year).
我方于 _年_____ 月____ 日签署本文，特此证明。
例3
A sales con tract refers to a con tract whereby the seller tran sfers the own ership of an object to the buyer and the buyerpays theprice for the object.
买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。
3Know All Men by ThesePresents；[❤；3]
Un dersig ned; Now Therefore
Un dersig ned:[❤4]
Now Therefore:[❤5]特此，因此等。这个短语一般接whereas之后，引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，译兹”特此” 例
1
Know All Men by these presents that we_(bank'sname)_ having our registered office [❤6] at ____________________________________ (hereinafter called “ theBank”)will be bound
un to[❤7] _(the Own er's name)_(here in after called “ theOw ner”)i n sum of
________ for payment well and truly[❤8] to be made to the said Owner, the Bank will bind itself, its successorsand betterassigneeby thesepresents.
根据本文件，兹宣布，我行，（银行名称）,其注册地点在（注册地名）（以下称银行）, 向（业主名称）（以下称业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对银行及
其继承人和受让人均具有约束力.
例2
The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close[❤:9] the following transactionin accordancewith the terms andconditions stipulatedas follows: Chin eseversi on for refere nee:
兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。
例3
And Whereas we have agreed to give the Con tractor such Bank Guara ntee[❤10]: Now Therefore we hereby affirm that we are the Guara ntor and resp on sible to you, on behalf of the Con tractor, up to a total of_（am ount of guarantee）（in words[❤:11] ） , such sum being payable in types and proporti ons of curre ncies[❤12] in which the Con tract is payable. 本银行（或金融机构）已同意为承包人出具保证函，我们因此同意作为保证人，并代表承包人以支付合同价款所规定的货币种类和比例，向你方担保总金额为（大写）的保证金。
4Uni ess Otherwise[❤13]
This expressionis more formal than “ ifiot ”and “ otherwise 除非。
例1:
Un less otherwise specified[❤14] in the Con tract, the supplied Goods shall be packedby standardprotective measures.
除非合同另有规定，（卖方）提供的全部货物，均应按标准的保护措施进行包
装。
例2 :
The Con tractor shall not subc on tract[❤15] the whole of the Works. Except where otherwise[❤16] provided by the Con tract, the Con tractor shall not subcontractany partof the Works without the prior consentof theengineer.
承包人不得将整个工程分包出去。除合同另有规定外无工程师的事先同意，承
包人不得将工程的任何部分分包出去。
例3
The Con tractor shall, uni ess otherwise provided in the Con tract, make his own arrangementsfor the engagement[❤17] of all staff and labor[❤；18], local or other, and fortheir payment, housing,feeding and transport.
除非合同另有规定，承包人应自行安排从当地或其他地方雇用的所有职员和劳
务人员，以及他们的报酬、住房、膳食和交通。
5In Accordancewith; Under; Pursuantto[❤:19]
In Accorda ncewith; Un der; Pursua ntto 根据，按照。比accord in gto 正式例1
“ PermanenWorks” means the permanent works to be executed[❤:20] ” （in clud ing Pla nt） in accorda ncewith the Con tract.
Chi neseversi on for refere nee:
永久工程”是根据合同将实施的永久工程(包括机械设备)。
例2
Neither the Con sulta ntsnor their Sub-c on sulta ntsnor the Pers onnel of either of them shall, either directly or in directly, en gage in such bus in ess or professi on alactivities in Chi na asc on flict with the activities assig nedto them un derthis Con tract.
咨询人，分包咨询人或两类人员，均不能直接或间接地在中国从事与本合同所
赋予的活动相冲突的商业或职业活动。