abroad, and it is quite important to create suitable conditions for their work after they come back.
Zhao’s images are somewhat primitively aggressive,
1.
A: to bring about a change in this state of affairs B: to change this state of affairs
Most examples in passive voice
A: approval should be given to all these projects B: all these projects should be approved A: grain rationing was implemented B: grain was rationed
Discuss
‘MAKE’ phrase
To make an investigation of to investigate To make a decision to to decide to To make efforts to to try (or attempt to) To make an analysis of to analyze
grain and cotton… If not, what is the function of the word ‘appropriately’?
3. Intensifiers
A Intensifiers with weak words Poor vocabulary Extremely important Essential, imperative, vital, indispensable, crucial Absolutely wanted to Were determined to, had resolved to, were bent on,
expenditure The solution is to curtail expenditure
Category Nouns
Ex. A: reform in the sphere of the economy B: reforms in the economy (or: economic reforms) A: to ensure a relationship of close cooperation between… B: to ensure close cooperation between…
A: these practices should be totally abolished
B: these practices should be abolished
Common redundant intensifiers Active/actively active efforts should be made to… (efforts are active by definition) Effective/effectively To benefit the people by means of an effective control
I. Unnecessary Nouns and Verbs
Unnecessary Nouns
Redundant—the sense is already included or implied
in some other element of the sentence
Ex.
A: to accelerate the pace of economic reform B: to accelerate economic reform (‘To accelerate’= ‘to increase the pace of’)
A serious of All sorts of various kinds of What about ‘强调’？
Other examples
A: imports of foreign automobiles have declined
sharply this year B: imports of automobiles have declined sharply th Nhomakorabeas year
A: that theory too is a valuable ideological treasure of
the Party B: that theory too is an ideological treasure of the Party
A: the Chinese government took all possible
II. Unnecessary Modifiers
1. Redundant Modifiers
Obvious Redundancies
mutual cooperation residential housing advance forecasts a serious natural disaster female businesswoman
A: they must also have some necessary knowledge
about history and geography B: the must also know something about history and geography
Self=evident modifiers
class struggle B: we used to overemphasize the need for class struggle
Various (Discuss) In English the plural is shown by the form of noun
ending in ‘–s’ ‘Various’ is usually superfluous
2. Unnec. V.+ N. + third word (N.) Ex. A: our troops used the method of slow advance B: our troops advanced slowly A: we adopted the policy of withdrawal B: we withdrew A: this measure will have a restrictive effect on the activities of speculators B: this measure will restrict the activities of speculators
Overworked introductory verb phrases
Discuss
A: It is especially necessary to make great efforts to assimilate the achievements of other cultures. B: It is especially necessary to assimilate the achievements of other cultures Variants: make every effort to; try our best to; do our utmost to; do everything possible to Plain verbs: strive to endeavor to word hard to
Ex. (Discuss) A: these nine years constitute a period in which the
national economic strength has increased The economy = national economy?
We should appropriately raise the purchasing prices of
Unnecessary Verbs
In Chinglish, most unnecessary verbs occur in phrases.
Unnec. V.+ N. A: they should conduct a careful examination of… B: they should carefully examine…
electrification of agriculture B: following the mechanization and electrification of agriculture
A: the key to the solution lies in the curtailment of
eventualities into account when it made this policy decision B: the Chinese government took all eventualities into account when it made this policy decision
Qualifiers
Adverbs designed to lesson the force of statement. Rather, quite, relatively Misuse opposite effect
Ex.
We have dozens of thousands of students studying
Adverbs of time (Discuss)
A: now the government is working hard to improve